Watson Fernando was a Sri Lankan communist politician and trade unionist.[1] He served as president of the Ceylon Communist Party (Peking Wing) and was a member of the Moratuwa Municipal Council.[1]
Early political and labour activism edit
Fernando worked as a mercantile clerk.[2] He rose to become a district-level leader of the Communist Party.[2] In the first parliamentary election of 1947 he contested the Moratuwa Electoral District seat. He obtained 722 votes (2.58%).[3] He was a leader during the Hartal of 1953.[4] As of 1958 he served as Vice President of the All Ceylon Toddy Workers' Union (CTUF affiliate, with M.G. Mendis as President).[5] He again contested the Morutuwa seat in the March 1960 parliamentary election, obtaining 1,091 votes (4.49%).[6]
Sino-Soviet split edit
Fernando became president of the Ceylon Trade Union Federation after the split in the Communist Party in 1963.[2] He had sided with the pro-China faction in the split.[2] In 1964 he held the post of Ratmalana District Committee secretary of the party and was one of 116 signatories to the declaration that marked the definitive split of the party into two groups.[7]
UF government and formation of CPSL(M-L) edit
Fernando led a split in the party in 1972. Fernando criticized the party leader N. Shanmugathasan's opposition to the United Front government, arguing that UF was a 'progressive force'.[8] Whilst the party leader N. Shanmugathasan was abroad in Albania in April 1972, Fernando tried to seize control over the party.[9] Fernando led a meeting on July 10 that declared N. Shanmugathasan expelled from the party.[10][11] N. Shanmugathasan replied by summoning the party Central Committee on September 22, which declared Fernando expelled. Fernando's faction regrouped and at a meeting on November 12, 1972 it took the name Communist Party of Sri Lanka (Marxist-Leninist).[10][12] Fernando sought to bring the Maoist movement closer to the UF orbit, but his faction remained a minor group compared to N. Shanmugathasan's party.[13] Just like the main pro-China Communist Party, Fernando's CPSL(ML) sought to maintain contacts with the Communist Party of China.[14]
Family edit
He was married to Milna Fernando, the couple had two sons.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c Daily News. Obituaries
- ^ a b c d Robert N. Kearney (1971). Trade Unions and Politics in Ceylon. University of California Press. pp. 44–46. ISBN 978-0-520-01713-9.
- ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1947" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24.
- ^ Wesley S. Muthiah; Sydney Wanasinghe (2002). We were making history: the Hartal of 1953. A Young Socialist Publication. p. 75. ISBN 978-955-9150-03-9.
- ^ Directory of Labor Organizations, Asia and Australasia. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1958. pp. 9–8.
- ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1960-03-19" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-12.
- ^ Marxists.org. To All Marxist-Leninists Inside the Ceylon Communist Party
- ^ Asian Survey. University of California Press. July 1975. p. 754.
- ^ Problemas internacionales. Agencia de Información de los EE.UU. 1973. p. 32.
- ^ a b Asian Analysis. 1972. p. 46.
- ^ News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean. Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses. 1972. p. 201.
- ^ Milorad M. Drachkovitch; Lewis H. Gann (1978). Yearbook on International Communist Affairs. Hoover Institution Press. p. 318.
- ^ Tribune. Ceylon News Service. 1975. p. 9.
- ^ British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service (September 1973). Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East. Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation.