Waterhouseite, Mn7(PO4)2(OH)8, is a hydroxy manganese phosphate mineral. It is a medium-soft, brittle mineral occurring in pseudo-orthorhombic monoclinic bladed crystals and orange-brown to dark brown in color. Waterhouseite is on the softer side with a Mohs hardness of 4, has a specific gravity of 3.5 and a yellowish-brown streak. It is named after Frederick George Waterhouse, first director of the South Australian Museum, as well as recognizes the work Waterhouse Club has done in support of the South Australian Museum.[4]

Waterhouseite
General
CategoryPhosphate mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)
Mn7(PO4)2(OH)8
IMA symbolWhs[1]
Strunz classification8.BE.85
Crystal systemMonoclinic
Crystal classPrismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol)
Space groupP21/b
Unit cella = 11.364 Å, b = 5.57 Å
c = 10.455 Å; β = 96.61°; Z = 2
Identification
ColorOrange-brown to dark brown
Crystal habitBladed crystals
TwinningContact twins on {100}
CleavagePerfect on {100}, indistinct on {001}
FractureConchoidal
TenacityBrittle
Mohs scale hardness4
LusterVitreous, Pearly on cleavages
StreakYellowish Brown
DiaphaneityTransparent
Specific gravity3.55
Optical propertiesBiaxial (-)
Refractive indexnα = 1.730
nβ = 1.738
nγ = 1.738
Birefringenceδ = 0.008
Dispersionabsent
References[2][3]

Occurrence

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Waterhouseite occurs in divergent sprays of bladed crystals up to 1mm in length and 20 micrometers in thickness.[4]

It is found in South Australia, specifically in the Iron Monarch mine, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia.

Waterhouseite is generally found in a carbonate rich cavities with other minerals such as gatehouseite, seamanite, rhodochrosite, shigaite, baryte, hausmannite and hematite.

Crystal structure

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Waterhouseite has a unique asymmetrical structure consisting of a dense, complex framework of Mn(O, OH)6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra which are linked by both edges and corners.[4] It is highly unusual for the PO4 tetrahedron to share two of its edges with the Mn(O, OH)6 octahedral. There are only two other known arsenates that have the same edge sharing as waterhouseite.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. ^ Mindat.org: Waterhouseite
  3. ^ Waterhouseite data on Webmineral.com
  4. ^ a b c Pring, Allan (2005). "Description and unique crystal structure of waterhouseite, a new hydroxy manganese phosphate from the Iron Monarch deposit, Middleback Ranges, South Australia" (PDF). The Canadian Mineralogist. 43: 1401–1410. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.4.1401. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
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