Usvyaty (Russian: Усвяты) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Usvyatsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located on the right bank of the Usvyacha River, between Lake Uzmen and Lake Usvyaty, two biggest lakes in the area. Municipally, it is incorporated as Usvyaty Urban Settlement, the only urban settlement in the district. Population: 2,961 (2010 Census);[4] 3,148 (2002 Census);[8] 3,638 (1989 Soviet census).[9]
Usvyaty
Усвяты | |
|---|---|
Work settlement[1] | |
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Location of Usvyaty  | |
  Usvyaty Location of Usvyaty  Usvyaty Usvyaty (Pskov Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 55°44′55″N 30°45′20″E / 55.74861°N 30.75556°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Pskov Oblast |
| Administrative district | Usvyatsky District[2] |
| Urban-type settlement status since | 1985[3] |
| Population | |
| • Total | 2,961 |
| • Capital of | Usvyatsky District[2] |
| • Municipal district | Usvyatsky Municipal District[1] |
| • Urban settlement | Usvyaty[1] |
| • Capital of | Usvyatsky Municipal District, Usvyaty Urban Settlement[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 182570 |
| OKTMO ID | 58658151051 |
History
editThe Lovat River was a part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, one of the oldest trading routes passing through Rus'. This branch of the route followed the Lovat upstream and then the Usvyacha and the Western Dvina. The area was populated since the Middle Ages, and Usvyaty (Vsvyach) was first mentioned in chronicles under 1021.[3] In the Late Middle Ages, it was an important fortress of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, since 1386 in the Polish–Lithuanian union.[10] In 1566, it was captured by Russia, but was recaptured by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1580.[10] In 1653, it was captured by Russia again, but was restored to the Poland-Lithuania by the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667.[10]
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During the First Partition of Poland in 1772, it was annexed by Russia, and included into newly established Pskov Governorate, a giant administrative unit comprising what is currently Pskov Oblast and a considerable part of Belarus. After 1773, the area was split between Nevelsky and Velizhsky Uyezds of Pskov Governorate. In 1777, it was transferred to Polotsk Viceroyalty. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished and the area was transferred to Belarus Governorate; since 1802 to Vitebsk Governorate. Usvyaty was a center of Usvyatskaya Volost of Velizhsky Uyezd. In the late 19th century, three annual fairs and two weekly markets were held in the town.[10] After 1919, Vitebsk Governorate was a part of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.[11] In 1924, Vitebsk Governorate was abolished, and Nevelsky and Velizhsky Uyezds were transferred to Pskov Governorate.
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished, and Usvyatsky District was established, with the administrative center in Usvyaty. It included parts of former Nevelsky and Velizhsky Uyezds. Pskov Governorate was abolished as well, and the district became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On June 17, 1929, Usvyatsky District was transferred to Western Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On September 27, 1937, Western Oblast was abolished, and the district was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. Between 1941 and 1944, Usvyaty was occupied by German troops. On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished, and Usvyatsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast. On October 3, 1959 the district was abolished and merged into Nevelsky District. On December 30, 1966 it was re-established. On October 15, 1985 Usvyaty was granted urban-type settlement status.[12]
Economy
editIndustry
editIn Usvyaty, there are enterprises of timber and food industry.[13]
Transportation
editThe highway connecting Nevel with Smolensk via Usvyaty and Velizh bypasses Usvyaty. The whole stretch between Nevel and Velizh has been a toll road since 2002.[14] A road connects Usvyaty with Kunya. There are also local roads.
Culture and recreation
editUsvyaty contains two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[15] They are an archaeological site and a tomb of soldiers fallen in World War II.
Notable people
edit- Algirdas (1296–1377) — ruler of medieval Lithuania
- Matvey Obryutin — Russian voivode
- Platon Zubov (1767–1822) — Russian prince, the last of Catherine the Great's favourites
- Egor Meller-Zakomelskiy (1767–1830) - Lieutenant general of Russian army
- Pyotr Schmyakov (1872-?) - Russian politician, member of Russian State Duma
- Konstantin Kosarev (1898–1978) - officer of Soviet army, recipient of Order of Lenin
- Ierokhim Epstein (1899–1981) - Russian engineer, winner of Lenin Prize
- Fyodor Demchenko (1919–1943) - officer of Soviet army, Hero of the Soviet Union
- Viliy Karpenko (1924–1995) - officer of Soviet army, Hero of the Soviet Union
- Nikolay Kovalyov (1929–2007) - Russian worker, Hero of Socialist Labour
- Nina Kurilyonok (1934) - Russian worker, Hero of Socialist Labour
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d Law #420-oz
- ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 58 258 551 006», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 58 258 551 006, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b История района (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Law #833-oz
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c d Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1892. p. 849.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Область (местность) (in Russian). Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on March 31, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
- ^ Герасимёнок, Т. Е.; Н. В. Коломыцева, И. С. Пожидаев, С. М. Фёдоров, К. И. Карпов (2002). Территориальное деление Псковской области (in Russian). Pskov. ISBN 5-94542-031-X.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Экономика (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
- ^ Псковская обл. Платные дороги (in Russian). АСМАП. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
- ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
Sources
edit- Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №833-оз от 5 февраля 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Псковской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №20, 10 февраля 2009 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #833-oz of February 5, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast. Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №420-оз от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области», в ред. Закона №1542-ОЗ от 5 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Псковской области "Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №41–43, №44–46, №49–51, 4 марта 2005 г., 5 марта 2005 г., 11 марта 2005 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #420-oz of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast, as amended by the Law #1542-OZ of June 5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Pskov Oblast "On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
External links
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