Taylor 2742
Welcome! edit
Welcome to Wikipedia, Taylor 2742! Thank you for your contributions. I am Marek69 and have been editing Wikipedia for quite some time, so if you have any questions feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. You can also check out Wikipedia:Questions or type {{helpme}} at the bottom of this page. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
- Introduction
- The five pillars of Wikipedia
- How to edit a page
- Help pages
- How to write a great article
Also, when you post on talk pages you should sign your name using four tildes (~~~~); that will automatically produce your username and the date. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
Haplogroup I1 edit
Haplogroup I1 (I1a) has at least 40% occurrence in Northern Germany, very similar to Norway and Denmark. Much of the rest of Germany ranges between 20%-35%, while the Netherlands peaks at around 25% and England between 15%-20%. In fact, both mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms show a very obvious genetic affinity between the Norwegians and the Germans, you can go here for that. Haplogroup I is widespread in much of Europe (but very low occurrence or absent in parts of France, Italy, Spain, Portugal), however let's just deal with north and central Europe for now. The highest occurrences being in Sweden, most of Denmark and a very small part of Norway (40% +), Iceland, Germany, the Netherlands, most of Norway & small part of Denmark (30% +), and England (10%-20%). So Haplogroup I is spread out throughout Germany and the occurrence of subclade I1 is not limited to Iceland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. There is a high occurrence of the subclade in northern German males, the same as Denmark and Norway. Dr. Kenneth Nordtvedt divided haplogroup I1 into many different modal haplotypes. First is I1-AS (I1-Anglo-Saxon) with peak gradient in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands, second is I1-N (I1-Norse) with peak gradient in Sweden, and third I1-uN1 (I1-ultra Norse Type 1) with peak gradient in Iceland and Norway. There are other modals which Dr. Nordvedt split the I1 haplogroup into. You seem to think that haplogroup I1 is limited only to Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway and you're very wrong. In fact, haplogroup I1 occurs in 3% of males in Sicily and in 5% of Greeks. Bastian (talk) 21:28, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
I agree, Vikings which arguably originated in Sweden are rumored to have carried Haplogroup I1 with them in Viking settlements throughout Europe, including parts of Western Europe, Southern Europe, Northern Europe, and Eastern Europe. Iceland was supposed to have been founded by Vikings. Leif Ericson created a Viking Settlement in Newfoundland, Canada approximately 500 years before Christopher Columbus discovered America. I think the Germanic Tribe, the Angles, whose descendants reside in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany may be the tribe with a peak rate of Haplogroup I1 in Northern Germany. The level of haplogroup I1 probably varied depending on which Germanic tribe it was, because there were quite a few Germanic Tribes with different mixtures of Haplogroups. However, it would be hard to make the claim the Haplogrouop I1 accounts for 40% of the entire population of men in Northern Germany, but Haplogroup I1 may indeed reach levels as high as Sweden, Denmark, or Norway in an area such as Schleswig-Holstein
- Hey, actually Schleswig-Holstein does not possess the highest percentage of males with haplogroup I1 (but, still in the state it reaches up to 40%). Higher percentages are found just east of the state in most of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, which according to some studies, up 50% of the males in that state carry (Y-DNA) haplogroup I1. The rest of Germany, especially "middle Germany" (states such as Lower Saxony, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, northeast North Rhine-Westphalia, and far northern Hesse and Thuringia along with the city-states of Bremen and Berlin have sizeable populations of males that are haplogroup I1 (in the range of 20-35%) and even southern Germany far down into Bavaria and Austria you can find about 20-25% of the males are haplogroup I1. In Austria, this is centered mostly in three states - Salzburg state, Lower Austria, and Upper Austria. You will find that in all of Germany, the rate of haplogroup I1 doesn't fall below 20% and the same is true of the States of Austria that I mentioned. The three states in Austria are around 20% (average). Even in Canada, where I am from - there are towns in Newfoundland which are typically German/Swedish/Danish/Norwegian looking. I have no data or info regarding their genetics, but I am sure the Vikings left their mark on Canada, aswell. Also, the Vikings didn't originate somewhere in Sweden, but their origins are said to be traced to Jutland, Schleswig-Holstein, and the very southern tip of Sweden. Bastian (talk) 05:41, 30 October 2011 (UTC)
I do not know where you are getting your information from, but if you read up on Vikings the general consensus is that they originated in Sweden and Norway and expanded from there. Check these pages if you want to read up on Viking history: Viking expansion, Vikings Corded Ware culture
The Battle Axe culture originated in Sweden and Norway long before Viking expansion happened.
A group of Universities cooperated in a study which apparently took a large amount of samples of Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups from different parts of Germany. The study shows that haplogroup I (Y-DNA) is at a level of approximately 31%-32% of German Human Y-chromosomes only in the areas of Hamburg and Berlin. In the area of Hamburg Haplogroup I2a2a likely reaches a level of 5%, in addition other variations of Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA) may account for 1%-3% of the Haplogroup I in Hamburg and Berlin. Therefore in the areas of Hamburg and Berlin which arguably contain the highest rates of Haplogroup I, Haplogroup I1 could only possibly account for approximately 25% of German Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups.
The study shows that Haplogroup I (Y-DNA) accounts for an average of 23.6% of German Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. The 23.6 percent includes Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA) as well, which may reach levels of 5%-10% throughout Germany, this means that Haplogroup I1 probably averages approximately 15%-20% amongst the entire population of Germany.
The study shows that Haplogroup I (Y-DNA) reaches a level of 23% in Munich which means that Haplogroup I1 is arguably at a level of 13%-18% because in Southern Germany Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA) probably accounts for 5%-10% of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. Austrians are supposed to be closely related to Bavarians. Most sources indicate that Haplogroup I1 does not surpass a level of 15% in Austria.
On the topic of Vikings, they are supposed to have originated Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Viking settlements were founded in Sweden, Norway and Denmark in the eighth century, Viking expansion only occurred in a very small section of Northern Germany. The most infamous viking was Leif Ericson of Iceland and his father Erik the Red of Norway.
- In either case, the highest (Y-DNA) haplogroup I1 is found in Sweden, Iceland, Norway, Denmark, and Germany. All these countries share a common Germanic ancestry and share similar languages. The country with the highest percentage of blond hair and blue or green eyes in the world is Iceland, after Iceland is Sweden, then Finland, then Norway, then Germany, and then Denmark. After Denmark comes the Netherlands, then Estonia, then Austria, then Latvia, and then Lithuania. That is the order of countries where blond hair and blue or green eyes are most common in Europe. Bastian (talk) 23:47, 30 October 2011 (UTC)
Again I do not know where you are getting your information from. Please refer to these pages: Human hair color and Eye color.
The data clearly shows that the areas with the highest percentage of light eye color are as follows: in the category of 80% or more is North Western Russia, Finland, Central Sweden, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Northern Belarus, Northern Poland, and Northeastern Germany.
In the category light eye color reaching levels of 50%-80%: Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Northern France, Northern England, Scotland, Ireland,Austria.
In the category of light hair color at 80% or more: Central Sweden, Central Norway, Finland.
In the category of light hair color at 50%-79%: Iceland, Northern England, Scotland, Denmark, Northwestern Russia, Baltic states, Northern Poland.
In the category of light hair color at 20%-49%: Ireland, Whales, Netherlands, Belgium, Parts of France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Ukraine, Southern Russia.