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List of echinoderms of Venezuela

The echinoderms of Venezuela are a strictly marine animal phylum comprised of about 124 species of marine waters designated for Venezuelan Caribbean.[1] The first lists of species for Venezuelan coast date back to 1939[2] and 1967.[3]

In Venezuela are five classes representatives living today: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea.[4] In this list are listed 105 species for the territory Venezuelan.[3][2][5][6][7]

List of species identified for Venezuela

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Crinoidea (Sea Lilies)

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Crinoidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state[nota 1] Image
Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777)[3][7] Rosy Feather-star[8] Atlantic Ocean[9] Ar; Su; Va

 

Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtàles, 1869)[3] Sea lily[3][10] Caribbean Sea[11] Ar

 

Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] Black and White Sea Lily [12] Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[13] Ar; Ca; Fa; DF; Su; Va

 

Asteroidea (Starfishs)

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Asteroidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state Image
Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881[5] Starfish[14] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea[15] NE; Su  
Asterinides folium (Lütken, 1859)[2][3][7] Common Blunt Armed Sea Star[16] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea[17] Su  
Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859[2][3][7] Starfish[14] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea[18] Su; Zu  
Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel (1842)[3][7] Starfish[14] Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[19] An; Fa; Mi; NE; Su  
Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840[3][7][20] Two-spined Star Fish [21] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea[22] NE; Su; Va; Zu  
Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840[2][3][7][20] Starfish[14] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea[23] DA; Fa; NE; Su; Zu  
Echinaster brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842[7] Starfish[14] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[24] Su  
Echinaster echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] Starfish[14] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Sea[25] DF; NE; Su  
Goniaster tesellatus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][5][7] Starfish[14] Atlantic Ocean[26] NE; Su  
Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840[2][3][7] Yellow Starfish[14] Cosmopolitan[27] NE  
Luidia alternata (Say, 1825)[3] Starfish[14] Caribbean Sea[28] NE; Su; Zu  
Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825)[3][7] Starfish[14] Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean[29] An; NE; Su; Zu  
Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7][20] Nine-armed Sea Star[30] Nortwesthern Atlantic Ocean[31] Mi; NE; Su  
Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1858)[2][3][7] Orange Starfish[14] Cushion Sea Star[32] Caribbean Sea[33] Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su  
Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825)[3][7] Starfish[14] Caribbean Sea[34] DA; DF; Su  

Ophiuroidea (Sea spiders and sea snakes)

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Ophiuroidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state Image
Amphiodia trychna H. L. Clark, 1918[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[35] An; Su  
Amphioplus coniortodes H. L. Clark, 1918[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[36] An; NE; Su  
Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1867[7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[37] Su  
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)[3][7] Small Brittle Star[38] Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[39] NE; Su  
Amphiura palmeri T Lyman, 1882[3] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[40] Su  
Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914[3] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[41] NE  
Amphiura stimpsonii Lútken, 1859[7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[42] Su  
Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1824[3] Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar[43] Northern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[44] Fa  
Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7][20] Grifo[14] Giant Basket Star[45] Caribbean Sea[46] Ar; DF; NE; Su  
Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852)[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[47] An; DA; Mo; Su  
Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1852)[7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[48] Su  
Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856[3] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[49] Su  
Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933[7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[50] Su  
Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842)[3][7] Savigny's Brittle Star[51] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean[52] DF; Mi; NE; Su  
Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lútken, 1859)[7] Lobate Brittle Star[53] Caribbean Sea[54] Su  
Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] Black Brittle Star [55] Caribbean Sea[56] Ar; DF; Fa; NE; Su  
Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1859[3][7] Banded Ophiocoma[57] Caribbean Sea[58] DF; Fa; Su; Va  
Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842[3][7] Red Ophiocoma[59] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean[60] NE; Su  
Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H. L. Clark, 1963)[3][7] Coralline Brittle Star[61] Caribbean Sea[62] Ar; Su  
Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825)[3][7] Harlequin Brittle Star [63] Caribbean Sea[64] DF; Mi; NE; Su  
Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856[2][3][7] Short Spined Ophioderma[65] Caribbean Sea[66] Ca; DF; Fa; Mi  
Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825)[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[67] DF; Mi  
Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842)[7] Chocolate Brittle Star[68] Caribbean Sea[69] Su  
Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856[3][7] Ruby Brittle Star [70] Caribbean Sea[71] Su  
Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[72] An; DF; Mi; NE; Su  
Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[73] Mi; Su  
Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825)[7][7] Scaly Brittle Star[74] Caribbean Sea[75] Su  
Ophiomyxa flaccida ( Say, 1825)[3][7] Slimy Brittle Star[76] Caribbean Sea[77] DF; Su  
Ophionereis olivacea H. L. Clark, 1901[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[78] Su  
Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1925)[3][7] Reticulated Brittle Star[79] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[80] DF; NE; Su  
Ophionereis squamulosa Köehler, 1913[7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[81] Su  
Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[82] Su  
Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[83] Ar; DF; Su  
Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860)[3] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[84] Va  
Ophiothrix angulata (Say, 1825)[3][7] Angular Brittle Star[85] Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[86] DF; Mi; NE; Su  
Ophiothrix brachyactis H. L. Clark, 1915[3] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[87] Su  
Ophiothrix oerstedii Lütken, 1856[2][3][7] Oersted's Brittle Star [88] Caribbean Sea[89] DF; NE; Su  
Ophiothrix suensonii Lütken, 1856[3][7] Suenson's Brittle Star[90] Caribbean Sea[91] NE; Su  
Ophiura acervata Lyman 1869[3][7] Sea spiders[4][10] Caribbean Sea[92] DA; Mo; Su  

Echinoidea (Sea urchins and sand dollar)

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Echinoidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state Image
Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] Purple Sea Urchin.[93][94] Caribbean Sea[95] An; NE; Su  
Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907[3][7] Caribbean Sea[96] An; Su  
Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778)[3] Groove Burrowing Urchin[97] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Westhern Mediterranean Sea[98] An; DF; Su  
Clypeaster cyclopylus H.L.Clark, 1941[99] Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[100] DF (Archp. Los Testigos)  
Clypeaster euclastus H.L.Clark, 1941[7][99] Caribbean Sea[101] An, Ca, DA, DF, Fa  
Clypeaster lamprus H.L.Clark, 1914[99] Caribbean Sea[102] Va  
Clypeaster prostratus Ravenel, 1848[99] Caribbean Sea[103] Fa, Zu  
Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][99] Sea Biscuit[104] Caribbean Sea[105] Fa; DF; NE  
Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825)[3][7][99] Sand Dollar[106] Caribbean Sea[107] An; Fa; NE; Su  
Diadema antillarum (Philippi & Agassiz, 1863)[3][7] Long-spined Sea Urchin[108] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[109] Ar; Ca; DF; Mi; Su; Va  
Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][7][110] Rock-boring Urchin[111] Caribbean Sea[112] An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu  
Echinometra viridis Agassiz, 1863[2][3][7] Green Urchin[14] Caribbean Sea[113] Ar; Ca; DF; Fa; Mi  
Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99] Sand Dollar, Cookie[14] Caribbean Sea[114] Ar; NE; Su  
Encope michelini Agassiz, 1841[99] Notched Sand Dollar[115] Caribbean Sea[116] Ar; NE; Su  
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7] Slate Pencil Urchin[117] Caribbean Sea[118] DF; Mi; NE; Su; Va; Zu  
Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99] Six Holed Keyhole Urchin[119] Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[120] An; Ar; Ca; Mi; NE; Su; Va  
Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7][121] Variegated Sea Urchin[122] Caribbean Sea[123] An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; su; Va; Zu  
Mellita quinquiesperforata latiambulacra H. L. Clark, 1940[2][3][7][99] Dollar see; Cookie[124] Caribbean Sea[125] An; Ar; Ca; DA; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu  
Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] Caribbean Sea[126] DF; NE  
Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] Caribbean Sea[127] Su;  
Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788)[7] Caribbean Sea[128] An; DA; Su  
Schizaster orbignyanus Agassiz, 1980[3][7] Caribbean Sea[129] An; DA; Su  
Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] Sea Egg[130] Caribbean Sea[131] DF; Fa; Mi; NE; Su; Va  

Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)

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Holothuroidea
Species Common name Global distribution Distribution by state Image
Aslia pygmaea (Théel 1886)[2][6][7] Venezuelan Caribbean sea[132] NE  
Aslia surinamensis (Semper 1868)[7][133] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[133] NE  
Astichopus multifidus (Sluter, 1910)[134] Fissured Sea Cucumber[135] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[136] DF  
Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851)[7] Worm Cucumber[137] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[138] Su  
Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930)[7] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[139] Su  
Holothuria arenicola Semper, 1868[7][7] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[140] Su  
Holothuria cubana Ludwig, 1875[7][7] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[141] Su  
Holothuria glaberrima Selenka, 1867[7] Brown Rock Sea Cucumber[142] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[143] Su  
Holothuria grisea (Selenka; 1867)[6][7] Gray Sea Cucumber[144] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[145] Su  
Holothuria impatiens (Forskaal, 1775)[6][7] Impatient Sea Cucumber[146] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean[147] Su  
Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875[7] Dunkey Dung Sea Cucumber[148] Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[149] DF; Fa  
Holothuria occidentalis Ludwig, 1875[7] Caribbean Sea[150] Su  
Holothuria parvula (Selenka, 1867)[7] Golden Sea Cucumber[151] Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean[152] Su  
Holothuria princeps (Selenka, 1867)[6][7] Caribbean Sea[153] Su  
Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig, 1875[2][7] Surinam Sea Cucumber[154] Caribbean Sea[155] Zu  
Holothuria thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980[7] Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber[156] Caribbean Sea[157] su  
Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867)[6][7] Three-rowed Sea Cucumber [158] Caribbean Sea[159] DF; Su  
Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967[7] Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[160] Su  
Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886)[7] Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[161] Su  
Ocnus suspectus (Ludwig, 1874)[7] Caribbean Sea[162] Su  
Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852[7] Nortrwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[163] Su  
Pseudothyone belli (Luswig, 1887)[7] Caribbean Sea[164] Su  
Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824)[7] Caribbean Sea[165] Su  
Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930[7] Caribbean Sea[166] Su  
Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930)[7] Caribbean Sea[167] Su  

See also

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Notas

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  1. ^ The following codes are used:
    • An: Anzoátegui
    • Ar: Aragua
    • Ca: Carabobo
    • DA: Delta Amacuro
    • DF: Dependencias Federales
    • Fa: Falcón
    • Mi: Miranda
    • Mo: Monagas
    • NE: Nueva Esparta
    • Su: Sucre
    • Va: Vargas
    • Zu: Zulia

Referencias

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  1. ^ Miloslavich P, Díaz JM, Klein E, Alvarado JJ, Díaz C, et al. (2010) Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns. PLoS ONE 5(8): e11916. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Engel, H., 1939: Echinoderms from Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire and Northern Venezuela., Capita Zoologica, VIII(4):1-12.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Zoppy, E., 1967: Contribución al conocimiento de los Equinodermos de Venezuela., Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 5(17):267-333
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Zoppy, E. y Cedeño, A. 1980. Phylum Echinodermata. En: Bodini, R. y Rada, D. Biología Animal. Editorial Ateneo de Caracas. Caracas - Venezuela. pp:233-242
  5. ^ a b c Flores, C. y Martínez de R., A. 1970: Status de la familia Goniasteridae (Asteroidea: Phanerozonia) en la región Oriental de Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente, 9(1-2):3-8.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Martínez de R, A. y Mago H., A. 1975: Contribución al conocimiento de los holoturoideos (Holoturoidea: Echinodermata) de la región oriental de Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente, 14(2):187-197.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co Gómez M, María C. y Hernández A, Iván. 2011: Equinodermos de la bahía Tunantal, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, 50 (2): 209-231.
  8. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Antedon bifida
  9. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777) AphiaID: 124201
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Matínez E. Rafael y Martínez M. Enrique. 1998: Técnicas generales para invertebrados, colecta, anestesia, fijación, preservación, coloración, montaje, cultivo y calidad de agua. Caracas. 246p.
  11. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtalès, 1869) AphiaID: 246784
  12. ^ [http://eol.org/pages/597865/names Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Tropiometra carinata
  13. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 213331
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cervigon, F. y Velázquez, E. 1981. Nombres venáculos de organismos marinos del Estado Nueva Esparta. Caracas. 53p.
  15. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881 AphiaID: 178061
  16. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Asterinides folium Common Blunt Armed Sea Star
  17. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Asterinides folium (Lutken, 1860) AphiaID: 459535
  18. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 178646
  19. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 178647
  20. ^ a b c d Capelo Juan., Gutiérrez, Javier., Rada, m., Buitrgo, J y Narváez, J. 2007: Biodiversidad de las comunidades de bentos del sur del golfo de Paria, Venezuela.[[Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, 67(168):59-82. ISSN 0037-8518]
  21. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astropecten duplicatus Two-spined Star Fish
  22. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178650
  23. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178667
  24. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 178747
  25. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 178748
  26. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Goniaster tessellatus (de Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 124033
  27. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178188
  28. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia alternata (Say, 1825)AphiaID: 178615
  29. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 158497
  30. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Luidia senegalensis Nine-armed Sea Star
  31. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia senegalensis (Lamark, 1816) AphiaID: 178641
  32. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Oreaster reticulatus Cushion Sea Star
  33. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 178210
  34. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 178718
  35. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiodia trychna H.L. Clark, 1918 AphiaID: 242681
  36. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphioplus coniortodes H.L. Clark, 1918 AphiaID: 242765
  37. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1866 AphiaID: 149906
  38. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Amphipholis squamata Small Brittle Star
  39. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) AphiaID: 125064
  40. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura palmeri Koehler, 1906 AphiaID: 125093
  41. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914 AphiaID: 242980
  42. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura stimpsoni Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 242991
  43. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Asteronyx loveni Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar
  44. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 124951
  45. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astrophyton muricatum Giant Basket Star
  46. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 243214
  47. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852) AphiaID: 158072
  48. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1854) AphiaID: 405791
  49. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243460
  50. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933 AphiaID: 243434
  51. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiactis savignyi Savigny's Brittle Star
  52. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842) AphiaID: 125122
  53. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocnida scabriuscula Lobate Brittle Star
  54. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lütken, 1859) AphiaID: 422458
  55. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma echinata Black Brittle Star
  56. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 243573
  57. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma pumila Banded Ophiocoma
  58. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243578
  59. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma wendtii Red Ophiocoma
  60. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 243582
  61. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocomella ophiactoides Coralline Brittle Star
  62. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H.L. Clark, 1900) AphiaID: 243584
  63. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma appressa Harlequin Brittle Star
  64. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 243630
  65. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma brevicauda Short Spined Ophioderma
  66. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243631
  67. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 158073
  68. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma cinerea Chocolate Brittle Star
  69. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 243632
  70. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma rubicunda Ruby Brittle Star
  71. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243645
  72. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 243691
  73. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 243695
  74. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiolepis impressa Scaly Brittle Star
  75. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 124887
  76. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiomyxa flaccida Slimy Brittle Star
  77. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 243863
  78. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis olivacea H.L. Clark, 1900 AphiaID: 243886
  79. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophionereis reticulata Reticulated Brittle Star
  80. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 124833
  81. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis squamulosa Koehler, 1914 AphiaID: 243892
  82. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913 AphiaID: 244010
  83. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 244020
  84. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860) AphiaID: 243937
  85. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix angulata Angular Brittle Star
  86. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) angulata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 244162
  87. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix brachyactis H.L. Clark, 1915 AphiaID: 244106
  88. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix oerstedii Oersted's Brittle Star
  89. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) oerstedii Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 244182
  90. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix suensoni Suenson's Brittle Star
  91. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) suensonii Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 244148
  92. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiura acervata (Lyman, 1869) AphiaID: 244255
  93. ^ Serafy, Keith. & Fell, Julian. 1985: Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echidodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA technical Report NMFS 33. 28p.
  94. ^ Encyclopedia Of Life (EOL) Arbacia punctulata
  95. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 158058
  96. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907 AphiaID: 422510
  97. ^ Encyclopedia Of Life (EOL) Brissus unicolor
  98. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 124380
  99. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Francisco, V. y Pauls, S. 2008: Especies del orden Clypeasteroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)de las costas de Venezuela. Revista de Biología Tropical 56(Suppl. 3):215-228. ISSN-0034-7744
  100. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster cyclopilus H.L. Clark, 1941 AphiaID: 513181
  101. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster euclastus H.L. Clark, 1941 AphiaID: 422495
  102. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster lamprus H.L. Clark, 1914 AphiaID: 513185
  103. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster prostratus (Ravenel, 1845) AphiaID: 422497
  104. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Clypeaster rosaceus
  105. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 367962
  106. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Clypeaster subdepressus
  107. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825) AphiaID: 422499
  108. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Diadema antillarum
  109. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Diadema antillarum Philippi, 1845 AphiaID: 124332
  110. ^ Pompa, L., Prieto, A. S. y Manrique, R. 1989. Abundancia y distribución espacial en una población del erizo Echinometra lucunter (L) en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. Acta Científica Venezolana, 40:289-294.
  111. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Echinometra lucunter
  112. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 213380
  113. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinometra viridis A. Agassiz, 1863 AphiaID: 422493
  114. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 513255
  115. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Encope michelini
  116. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Encope michelini L. Agassiz, 1841 AphiaID: 422501
  117. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Eucidaris tribuloides
  118. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 396741
  119. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Leodia sexiesperforata
  120. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 422502
  121. ^ Gómez G, A., 2002: Abundancia de erizo Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) en la costa norte, este y oeste de la isla de Margarita (Venezuela). Acta Científica Venezolana, 53(1):43-53.
  122. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Lytechinus variegatus
  123. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 367850
  124. ^ Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Mellita quinquiesperforata
  125. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 158065
  126. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 367846
  127. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 158067
  128. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788) AphiaID: 422511
  129. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Schizaster orbignyanus A. Agassiz, 1880 AphiaID: 422521
  130. ^ http://eol.org/pages/598177/names/common_names Encyclpedia od Life (EOL) Tripneustes ventricosus]
  131. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 422490
  132. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Aslia pygmaea (Théel, 1886) AphiaID: 529439
  133. ^ a b Pawson, David L., Pawson, Doris J. & King, Rachael A. 2010: A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2449:1–48. ISSN 1175-5326 ISSN1175-5334
  134. ^ Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Catálogo de Echinodermata MBUCV-VI. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Zoología Tropical Caracas – Venezuela.
  135. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astichopus multifidus Fissured Sea Cucumber
  136. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astichopus multifidus (Sluiter, 1910) AphiaID: 241780
  137. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Chiridota rotifera Worm Cucumber
  138. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851) AphiaID: 422538
  139. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930) AphiaID: 422524
  140. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola Semper, 1868 AphiaID: 210814
  141. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Cystipus) cubana Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241823
  142. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria glaberrima Brown Rock Sea Cucumber
  143. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Selenkothuria) glaberrima Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 241851
  144. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria grisea Gray Sea Cucumber
  145. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 241833
  146. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria impatiens Impatient Sea Cucumber
  147. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) impatiens (Forskål, 1775) AphiaID: 125185
  148. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria mexicana Dunkey Dung Sea Cucumber
  149. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Halodeima) mexicana Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 125180
  150. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Cystipus) occidentalis Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241826
  151. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria parvula Golden Sea Cucumber
  152. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Platyperona) parvula (Selenka, 1867) AphiaID: 125183
  153. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Theelothuria) princeps Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 210890
  154. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria surinamensis Surinam Sea Cucumber
  155. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241858
  156. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria thomasi Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber
  157. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980 AphiaID: 241876
  158. ^ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Isostichopus badionotus Three-rowed Sea Cucumber]
  159. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) AphiaID: 367868
  160. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967 AphiaID: 529094
  161. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886) AphiaID: 529525
  162. ^ García, Rosa del Valle., Solís-Marín, Francisco A., Abreu Pérez, Mercedes., Laguarda Figueras, Alfredo y Durán-González, Alicia. 2005: Catálogo de los equinodermos Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) nerítico-bentónicos del Archipiélago Cubano. Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(Suppl. 3):9-28, D ISSN-0034-7744
  163. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852 AphiaID: 149908
  164. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Pseudothyone belli (Ludwig, 1887) AphiaID: 422535
  165. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824) AphiaID: 158532
  166. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930 AphiaID: 225684
  167. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930) AphiaID: 529705

Enlaces externos

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Categoría:Echinodermata Categoría:Fauna de Venezuela Categoría:Fauna del mar Caribe

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