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The list of amphibians of Vermont includes amphibian species living in the US state of Vermont. The list does not include species found only in captivity. The Vermont state amphibian is the Northern Leopard Frog.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Salamanders (Urodela)
editFamily: Salamandridae
- Eastern (red-spotted) newt, Notophthalmus viridescens[8][9][10][11][12][13]
The Eastern Newt is fairly common[13] almost statewide but requires large mosaics of interconnected hardwoods and wetlands.[9]
Advanced Salamanders (Salamandroidea)
editFamily: Ambystomatidae
- Blue-spotted salamander, Ambystoma laterale[14] [15][16][17][13]
The Blue-spotted salamander, which hybridizes with the Jefferson salamander,[18] is an uncommon species of special concern in Vermont.[15][13] - Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum[19][20][21][13]
The Jefferson salamander, which hybridizes with the Blue-spotted salamander,[18] is a rare species of special concern in Vermont.[13] - Spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum[22][23][24][25][13]
It is a species of Greatest Conservation Need as identified in the Vermont Wildlife Action Plan.[13] - Marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum[26]
This species is considered unconfirmed in the state of Vermont. There is a historic reference to one in Fair Haven, and a historic photo of one with Vermont written on the back of the photo, but with no details on date or location.[26]
Aquatic Salamanders
editFamily: Proteidae
- Common mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus[27]
Lungless Salamanders (Plethodontidae)
editFamily: Plethodontidae
- Eastern red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus[28][29] [30]
The Eastern Red-backed is found statewide, and is the most abundant salamander in Vermont.[30] - Four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum[31]
- Northern dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus[32]
- Northern two-lined salamander, Eurycea bislineata[33][29]
- Spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus[34]
Family: Hylidae
- Boreal chorus frog, Pseudacris maculata[35][13]
They were historically found in Grand Isle and Franklin Counties in northwest Vermont, but have not been seen or heard since 1999.[35] - Gray treefrog, Dryophytes versicolor[36]
Family: Ranidae
- American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus[37]
- Green frog, Lithobates clamitans[38]
- Mink frog, Lithobates septentrionalis[39]
Uncommon in Vermont, occurring mostly in the northeastern part of the state.[39] - Northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens.[40]
The Northern leopard frog is the Vermont State Amphibian.[3] - Pickerel frog, Lithobates palustris[41]
The pickerel frog is the only poisonous frog native to Vermont.[42][unreliable source?] - Spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer[43] [44]
- Wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus[45]
Family: Bufonidae
- American toad, Anaxyrus americanus[46] [47]
- Fowler's toad, Anaxyrus fowleri [48]
The Fowler’s Toad is very rare in Vermont, and has been found only in the southern Connecticut River Valley.[48]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ "Vermont Laws". Vermont Statutes Online. April 21, 1998. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- ^ "AN ACT RELATING TO DESIGNATING THE NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG AS THE STATE AMPHIBIAN". leg.state.vt.us. April 21, 1998. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- ^ a b "Vermont State Amphibian, Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens), from NETSTATE.COM". netstate.com. December 31, 2017. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ "What Is The Vermont State Amphibian? - WorldAtlas". worldatlas.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- ^ "Vermont State Amphibian: Northern Leopard Frog". eReferenceDesk. Archived from the original on June 27, 2024. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
- ^ "Vermont State Amphibian | Northern Leopard Frog". statesymbolsusa.org. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- ^ "Discover the 9 Official State Animals of Vermont - A-Z Animals". a-z-animals.com. May 31, 2023. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- ^ "Notopthalmus viridescens – Eastern Newt | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ a b "Eastern Newt | Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department". vtfishandwildlife.com. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "AmphibiaWeb - Notophthalmus viridescens". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- ^ Conant 1991, pp. 256--257, Map 215.
- ^ Tyning 1990, pp. 110--114.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Reptiles and Amphibians of Vermont.pdf" (PDF). March 13, 2022. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Ambystoma laterale – Blue-spotted Salamander | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ a b "Blue-Spotted Salamander | Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department". vtfishandwildlife.com. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Blue-spotted Salamander (Ambystoma laterale)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- ^ "AmphibiaWeb - Ambystoma laterale". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- ^ a b Conant 1991, p. Map 223.
- ^ "Ambystoma jeffersonianum – Jefferson Salamander | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ "Jefferson Salamander SPECIES | Species Profile | Vermont Atlas of Life". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ "AmphibiaWeb - Jefferson Salamander". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ "Ambystoma maculatum – Spotted Salamander | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Basin Shrub Swamp | Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department". vtfishandwildlife.com. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ "Spotted Salamander SPECIES | Species Profile | Vermont Atlas of Life". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ "AmphibiaWeb - Ambystoma maculatum". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ a b "Ambystoma opacum – Marbled Salamander | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Necturus maculosus - Mudpuppy | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ "Plethodon cinereus – Eastern Red-backed Salamander | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ a b "Salamanders". massaudubon.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ a b "Salamanders". vtfishandwildlife.com. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Hemidactylium scutatum – Four-toed Salamander | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ "Desmognathus fuscus – Northern Dusky Salamander | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 22, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
- ^ "Eurycea bislineata – Northern Two-lined Salamander | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 22, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
- ^ "Gyrinophilus porphyriticus – Spring Salamander | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
- ^ a b "Pseudacris maculata – Boreal Chorus Frog | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Hyla versicolor – Gray Treefrog | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Lithobates catesbeianus – American Bullfrog | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Green Frog - Lithobates clamitans | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ a b "Lithobates septentrionalis – Mink Frog | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Lithobates pipiens – Northern Leopard Frog | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Lithobates palustris – Pickerel Frog | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "8 Types of Frogs Found in Vermont! (ID Guide) - Bird Watching HQ". birdwatchinghq.com. May 2, 2023. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Pseudacris crucifer – Spring Peeper | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Spring Peeper | Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department". vtfishandwildlife.com. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Lithobates sylvaticus – Wood Frog | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Anaxyrus americanus – American Toad | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "American Toad | Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department". vtfishandwildlife.com. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ a b "Anaxyrus fowleri – Fowler's Toad | Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
References
edit- Conant, Roger; Collins, Josepth T. (1991) [1958]. Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America. New York, United States of America: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-58389-6. Archived from the original on October 13, 2022.
- Tyning, Thomas F. (1990). A Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles. Boston, United States of America: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-81713-9. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012.
External links
edit- "Amphibians | Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department". vtfishandwildlife.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- "The Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 25, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- "AmphibiaWeb". amphibiaweb.web. Archived from the original on May 21, 2021. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- "Calls of Frogs and Toads of the Northeast". musicofnature.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- "Frogs and Toads of Vermont". gonefroggin.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.