FAM131A
editFAM131A (Family with Sequence Similarity 131 Member A) is a protein that is encoded by the FAM131A gene in humans. Aliases for FAM131A include C3orf40, FLAT715, and PRO1378.[1]
Gene
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The gene, FAM131A, which is found on the plus strand of chromosome 3 (3q27.1), spans 7,847 base pairs in humans.[2] The FAM131A gene transcribes an mRNA sequence that is 2,437 nucleotides.[3] FAM131A is most highly expressed in the brain[4], with a low tissue specificity.[5][6]
Protein
editThe FAM131A protein in humans is 366 amino acids in length, with a theoretical molecular weight of 39.5 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.59.[7] There has only been two isoforms found for the protein this gene encodes in humans, and isoform two is shorter at the N-terminus than isoform one due to amino acids 1-85 being absent in isoform two.[8] It was also determined that Asparagine, Threonine, and Isoleucine are represented less in the FAM131A protein in comparison to most human proteins. However, Serine is more highly represented in the FAM131A protein in comparison to most human proteins.[9] The FAM131A protein is predicted to be contained within nucleus and in the nucleolus[10][11], and is predicted to be primarily localized to the nucleoli rim within the cell.[12]
Post-Translational Modifications
editFive different post-translational modification cites have been predicted for the FAM131A protein. These include three different theoretical sumolyation sites[14] and two different theoretical lysine acetylation sites.[15]
Interacting Proteins
editA few proteins have been found to be co-expressed alongside the FAM131 protein, including Von Willebrand Factor A Domain-Containing 5B2 (VWA5B2)[16], Grid 2 Interacting Protein (GRID2IP)[17], and Chordin (CHRD).[18][19]
Homology
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Orthologs were found for FAM131A in mammals (sequence identity ranging from 73.6%-92.3%), reptiles (sequence identity ranging from 48.5%-56.4%), birds (sequence identity ranging from 49.6%-54.0%), amphibians (sequence identity ranging from 47.1%-52.1%), and fish (sequence identity ranging from 26.2%-56.5%).[20] The furthest date of divergence was found in fish, specifically Pretromyzon marinus, otherwise known as the Sea lamprey, at 599 million years ago.[21] FAM131A was not found in any invertebrates, which could indicate that FAM131A is restricted to vertebrates.
Table of Orthologs
edit| Species Name | Common Name | Date of Divergence (mya) | Accession Number | Sequence Length (AA) | Sequence Identity to Human Protein |
| Homo sapiens | Humans | 0 | NP_653236 | 366 | 100% |
| Mus musculus | House mouse | 87 | NP_598539 | 361 | 92.3% |
| Phascolarctos cinereus | Koala | 160 | XP_020861440 | 362 | 73.6% |
| Sarcophilus harrisii | Tasmanian devil | 160 | XP_031823960 | 283 | 64.1% |
| Alligator mississippiensis | American alligator | 319 | XP_019339708 | 324 | 56.4% |
| Gallus gallus | Chicken | 319 | XP_003641841 | 338 | 54.0% |
| Haliaeetus leucocephalus | Bald eagle | 319 | XP_010571279 | 275 | 49.6% |
| Aptenodytes forsteri | Emporer penguin | 319 | XP_009286349 | 275 | 49.6% |
| Python bivittatus | Burmese python | 319 | XP_025029736 | 302 | 48.5% |
| Rhinatrema bivittatum | Two-lined caecilian | 353 | XP_029472185 | 290 | 52.1% |
| Xenopus tropicalis | Tropical clawed frog | 353 | XP_004914460 | 344 | 50.0% |
| Rana temporaria | Common frog | 353 | XP_040205721 | 348 | 47.6% |
| Bufo bufo | Common toad | 353 | XP_040284457 | 261 | 47.1% |
| Protopterus annectens | West African lungfish | 408 | XP_043926343.1 | 361 | 56.5% |
| Danio rerio | Zebrafish | 431 | NP_001093625 | 293 | 43.4% |
| Oryzias latipes | Japanese rice fish | 431 | XP_004079308 | 338 | 34.4% |
| Cheilinus undulatus | Humphead wrasse | 431 | XP_041660114 | 318 | 31.4% |
| Amblyraja radiata | Thorny skate | 464 | XP_032888076 | 380 | 51.8% |
| Petromyzon marinus | Sea lamprey | 599 | XP_032802778 | 383 | 26.2% |
Clinical Significance
editStudies have found having high expression of FAM131A is prognostically unfavorable for patients with ovarian cancer[22] or endometrial cancer[23]
References
edit- ^ "FAM131A family with sequence similarity 131 member A [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
- ^ "Human Gene FAM131A (ENST00000639617.1) from GENCODE V41". genome.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Homo sapiens family with sequence similarity 131 member A (FAM131A), transcript variant 1, mRNA". 2021-06-26.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "FAM131A Gene Expression - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Tissue Cell Type - FAM131A - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ Uhlén, Mathias; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn M.; Lindskog, Cecilia; Oksvold, Per; Mardinoglu, Adil; Sivertsson, Åsa; Kampf, Caroline; Sjöstedt, Evelina; Asplund, Anna; Olsson, IngMarie; Edlund, Karolina; Lundberg, Emma; Navani, Sanjay; Szigyarto, Cristina Al-Khalili (2015-01-23). "Tissue-based map of the human proteome". Science. 347 (6220): 1260419. doi:10.1126/science.1260419. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ "Expasy - Compute pI/Mw tool". web.expasy.org. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
- ^ "protein FAM131A isoform 2 [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "SAPS < Sequence Statistics < EMBL-EBI". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
- ^ "PSORT II Prediction". psort.hgc.jp. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
- ^ "DeepLoc - 2.0". DTU Health Tech. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
- ^ "FAM131A protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
- ^ "AlphaFold Protein Structure Database". alphafold.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
- ^ "GPS-SUMO: Prediction of SUMOylation Sites & SUMO-interaction Motifs". sumosp.biocuckoo.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "GPS-PAIL 2.0 - Prediction of Acetylation on Internal Lysines". pail.biocuckoo.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ Direk, Kenan; Lau, Winston; Small, Kerrin S.; Maniatis, Nikolas; Andrew, Toby (2014-08-12). "ABCC5 Transporter is a Novel Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Gene in European and African American Populations". Annals of Human Genetics. 78 (5): 333–344. doi:10.1111/ahg.12072. ISSN 0003-4800. PMC 4173130. PMID 25117150.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Lee, Eunkyung; Takita, Cristiane; Wright, Jean L.; Slifer, Susan H.; Martin, Eden R.; Urbanic, James J.; Langefeld, Carl D.; Lesser, Glenn J.; Shaw, Edward G.; Hu, Jennifer J. (2019-06-13). "Genome-wide enriched pathway analysis of acute post-radiotherapy pain in breast cancer patients: a prospective cohort study". Human Genomics. 13 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/s40246-019-0212-8. ISSN 1479-7364. PMC 6567461. PMID 31196165.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Wang, Yi Fang; Yan, Jia Jiun; Tseng, Yung Che; Chen, Ruo Dong; Hwang, Pung Pung (2015-08-15). "Molecular physiology of an extra-renal Cl- uptake mechanism for body fluid Cl- homeostasis". International Journal of Biological Sciences. 11 (10): 1190–1203. doi:10.7150/ijbs.11737. ISSN 1449-2288. PMID 26327813.
- ^ "FAM131A protein (human) - STRING interaction network". string-db.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "EMBOSS Needle < Pairwise Sequence Alignment < EMBL-EBI". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". timetree.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ Zhao, Min; Wang, Tianfang; Liu, Qi; Cummins, Scott (2017-07-04). "Copy number alteration of neuropeptides and receptors in multiple cancers". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 4598. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04832-0. ISSN 2045-2322.
- ^ Uhlén, Mathias; Björling, Erik; Agaton, Charlotta; Szigyarto, Cristina Al-Khalili; Amini, Bahram; Andersen, Elisabet; Andersson, Ann-Catrin; Angelidou, Pia; Asplund, Anna; Asplund, Caroline; Berglund, Lisa; Bergström, Kristina; Brumer, Harry; Cerjan, Dijana; Ekström, Marica (2005-12-01). "A Human Protein Atlas for Normal and Cancer Tissues Based on Antibody Proteomics". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 4 (12): 1920–1932. doi:10.1074/mcp.M500279-MCP200. ISSN 1535-9476.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)