Wikipedia article
A davit is a system that is used to lower an emergency lifeboat to the embarkation level to be boarded. The davit has falls (now made of wire, used to be made of manilla) that are used to lower the lifeboat into the water.[1] Davits can also refer to single mechanical arms with a winch for lowering and raising spare parts onto a vessel. The maintaining and operation of davit's is all under jurisdiction of International Maritime Organization these are then enforced by the country's own Coast Guard. For the united states, the order is IMO to United States Coast Guard.
Davits are designed to fit into deck spaces that the naval architects deemed necessary:
• Radial (obsolete) — Hand powered davit. This type was used on the Lifeboats of the RMS Titanic. Each arm must be rotated out manually; uses manila rope falls.
• Mechanical (obsolete) — This type is like the radial davit, but both arms are moved out at the same time using a screw system; uses manila rope falls.
• Gravity (industry standard) — There are multiple forms; one man can operate, and use wire falls.
-Roller: Davit slides down a track, bringing the davit to the embarkation deck.
-Signal pivot: One pivot point where the lifeboat is moved over the side of the craft.
-Multi pivot: Common on Promenade decks of cruise ships. Useful were space is limited.
-Free Fall: Lifeboat slides right off of vessel. Lifeboat must be an enclosed type. Main type of Davit on merchant ships now. This type does not use falls
-Fixed: Common on Oil Rigs. Lifeboat is hung above the water (at embarkation level) and lowered into the water. [2]
Basic Parts
editLiferaft: These can be Enclosed, partially enclosed, or open. (There are pictures of these on the page already so no description is added)
Frapping Lines: These lines are used on all davits except the fixed and freefall davits. The frapping line are used to pull the lifeboat over to the embarkation deck along with the tricing pendent to be loaded.
Gripes: Ropes used to hold the Lifeboat in the stored position while underway.
Tricing pendants: Lines used to initially pull the lifeboat over to the embarkation deck so that the Frapping lines can be connected.[2]
Releasing Mechanisms
editThere are 3 basic systems used to release the lifeboat from the davit. (Coast Guard Questions are for the Rottmer, On-Load releasing gear) [3]
On Load: For this style of release mechanism, the lifeboat can be released at any point from the davit. This type of system allows a lifeboat to be released when it is not in the water, whether this is because of the emergency or an accident. Because of this, during an evacuation the release mechanism must be watched to make sure there is not an accidental activation. [4]
Off Load: This release mechanism requires the weight (load) of the lifeboat to not be on the hook when it is released. This includes the titanic era Monomony hook design that requires someone to remove the hook from the lifeboat by hand. But this type also includes the hydrostatic system many lifeboats use now. For this, a float is raised up and engages the release once the craft is in the water to the right depth. [4]
Free Fall
editThis type of release mechanism is very basic. The (enclosed) lifeboat is on a ramp and slides down and off of the ship when engaged. This is done by pumping a lever that is inside the lifeboat by the pilot. [4] If there is not enough hydraulic pressure to release the stop fall. A pump on the inside must be rotated to build up the hydraulic pressure to release the lifeboats stopfall hook. Once the stopfall hook (hook attaching the lifeboat to the davit that holds it to the ship) is released the lifeboat will slide off the ramp and into the water. This type of lifeboat is more common due to its quick deployment and ease of operation. [5] This is the type of davit used for lowering (dropping) the enclosed lifeboat in the movie Captain Phillips (film).
Procedure
editFor all lifeboats using a roller gravity davit and Rottmer releasing gear, this is the procedure:
1. Make sure the Davit tracks are clear of debris
2. Remove the lifeboat cover if applicable
3. Put in the lifeboat plugs
4. At this time the Rottmer releasing gear is checked to be secure.
5. Attach the sea painter to the bow of the ship.
6. Remove the gripes from the lifeboat.
7. Make sure the gripes preventing bar is free from the track.
8. Have the assigned brake man life the braking bar and lower the lifeboat to the embarkation deck.
9. Now that the Tricing pendants have pulled the lifeboat in close, attach the Frapping lines to the wire falls by passing them to a worker who is on the lifeboat.
10. Load the lifeboat. Load one person at a time and seat them so there weight is distributed between the two sides.
11. Have the brake man raise the lifeboat slightly so the workers can release the Tricing pendants.
12. Brake man lifts bar and lowers the vessel into the water.
13. Operate the Rottmer releasing gear and release the davit on the crest of a wave.
14. If ship is sinking, pull toggle pin to release the sea painter from the ship.
[6]
During this procedure, if the lifeboat has air-cooled engines start it at the beginning. If it has a water cooled engine start the engine after the lifeboat is in the water.
Requirements
editFor all types of Gravity Davits (Single pivot, multi-pivot, Roller, Fixed, Free Fall) the davit design must be able to operate even when the ship has a 15 degree list to both port and starboard. [4]
Speed of assertion by the Wire falls (not on free fall davits) shall not surpass 36 m/min as controlled by the governor brake [4]
Lifeboat Falls will be replaced every 5 years. <ref=name"murphy"/>
On a cargo ship of 20000 Gross Tons, the lifeboat must be able to launch while the ship is moving at 5 knots. [4]
Every 30 months the Wire falls will be stretched out (end-for-ended) <ref=name"murphy"/>
Other Davit usage: Davit launched Liferaft. Positives: Passengers do not have to get wet. Negatives: More complex than just throwing in water. Liferaft must have support lines in it to be stiff enough to enter when not in the water. [3]
Gallery
edit-
Gravity multi-pivot on cruiseferry Scandinavia -
Gravity Roller Davit -
Gravity multi pivot davit holding rescue vessel on North Sea ferry -
Freefall lifeboat on the Spring Aeolian -
Frapping line -
Labeled Tricing -
Gripe -
Stepstodavitlaunch -
Roller Gravity Davit
References
edit- ^ "Davit Systems | Applied Technical Services". Atslab.com. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
- ^ a b SIU AFL-CIO. (1991). Water survival manual . (p. 37). Piney Point, Maryland: Seafarers Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship.
- ^ a b Murphy, J. (2009). U.S. Coast Guard license examination preparation for the professional mariner . Wareham, Massachusetts: Academy Publishing Company. Retrieved from http://mdnautical.com/murphy-s-deck-officers-guides/7-murphy-s-deck-officer-study-guide-7-lifeboatmen-2009.html.
- ^ a b c d e f Wankhede, A. (2010, december 22). Types of lifeboat release mechanisms & solas requirements for lifeboats. Retrieved from http://www.marineinsight.com/misc/maritime-law/types-of-lifeboat-release-mechanisms-solas-requirements-for-lifeboats/.
- ^ Maritime Training Services. (n.d.). Launching and recovery system of 'free fall life boats'. Retrieved from http://www.maritimetraining.com/Product/Launching-and-Recovery-System-of-Free-Fall-Life-Boats.
- ^ Suny Maritime College. (2011, 30 03). Lifeboat rotation . Retrieved from http://www.sunymaritime.edu/media/documents/2011/3/30/Lifeboats - Work Equipment.pdf
Notes from the editor
editThe article is pretty good. There are a few areas you can expand, like the requirements section. The formating could also be improved a little, but that is just a minor tweak. Your source formatting is a bit off, try using the /name sourcing, it will clean it up a lot. I made a few small edits as I went, and left some notes in the change log as I bolded things. You can see them under view history.