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French invasion of Russia
	; Clockwise from top left: The Battle of Borodino by Louis-François Lejeune; Napoleon watching the fire of Moscow by Albrecht Adam; Marshal Ney at the Battle of Kowno by Auguste Raffet; French retreat by Illarion Pryanishnikov;
Date	24 June – 14 December 1812; (5 months, 2 weeks and 6 days)
Location	Eastern Europe
Result	Russian victory
Belligerents
French Empire; Duchy of Warsaw; Kingdom of Italy; Kingdom of Naples; Kingdom of Saxony; Kingdom of Bavaria; Kingdom of Westphalia; Kingdom of Württemberg; Grand Duchy of Hesse; Grand Duchy of Berg; Grand Duchy of Baden; Swiss Confederation; Austrian Empire; Kingdom of Prussia; Kingdom of Spain; File:Flag of Danmark.svg;	Russian Empire Supported by: United Kingdom
Commanders and leaders
Napoleon I; Pierre Augereau; Jean-Baptiste Bessières; Eugène de Beauharnais; Jérôme Bonaparte; Louis-Nicolas Davout; Jean-Andoche Junot; François Joseph Lefebvre; Étienne Macdonald; Édouard Mortier; Joachim Murat; Michel Ney; Nicolas Oudinot; Józef Poniatowski; Jean Reynier; Laurent Saint-Cyr; Karl von Schwarzenberg; Claude Victor; Johann Yorck;	Alexander I; Mikhail Kutuzov; Barclay de Tolly; Pyotr Bagration (DOW); Levin von Bennigsen; Alexander Chechenskiy; Pavel Chichagov; Mikhail Miloradovich; Matvei Platov; Alexander Tormasov; Peter Wittgenstein;
Strength
French Army; 612,000 Total; 449,000 First wave ; 134,000 Borodino; 108,000 Maloyaros; 33,000 Berezina	Russian Army; 623,000 Total; 198,000 First wave; 118,000 Borodino; 129,000 Maloyaros; 126,000 Berezina
Casualties and losses
400,000–484,000 200,000–284,000 killed 100,000 killed in combat; ; 50,000 died in captivity; 50,000 wounded; 50,000 deserted; 50,000 prisoners;	350,000–410,000 210,000 dead; 150,000 wounded; 50,000 deserted;
	Total military and civilian deaths:; c. 1,000,000

^ Zamoyski 2004, p. 87.
^ Clausewitz 1906.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bodart 1916, pp. 126–127.
^ ^a ^b Riehn 1990, p. 159.
^ Riehn 1990, p. 241.
^ Riehn 1990, p. 491.
^ ^a ^b Bodart 1908, p. 445.
^ Riehn 1990, p. 239.
^ Riehn 1990, p. 493.
^ ^a ^b Lentz 2004, vol. 2.
^ ^a ^b Clodfelter 2008, p. 163.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Clodfelter 2008, p. 175.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bodart 1916, p. 127.
^ Zamoyski 2005, p. 536
^ Bogdanovich, "History of Patriotic War 1812", Spt., 1859–1860, Appendix, pp. 492–503.
^ ^a ^b Bodart 1916, p. 128.
^ Zamoyski 2004, p. 536.

[FOOTNOTEZamoyski200487-1] Zamoyski 2004, p. 87.

[FOOTNOTEClausewitz1906-2] Clausewitz 1906.

[FOOTNOTEBodart1916126–127-3] Bodart 1916, pp. 126–127.

[FOOTNOTERiehn1990159-4] Riehn 1990, p. 159.

[FOOTNOTERiehn1990241-5] Riehn 1990, p. 241.

[FOOTNOTERiehn1990491-6] Riehn 1990, p. 491.

[FOOTNOTEBodart1908445-7] Bodart 1908, p. 445.

[FOOTNOTERiehn1990239-8] Riehn 1990, p. 239.

[FOOTNOTERiehn1990493-9] Riehn 1990, p. 493.

[FOOTNOTELentz2004vol._2-10] Lentz 2004, vol. 2.

[FOOTNOTEClodfelter2008163-11] Clodfelter 2008, p. 163.

[FOOTNOTEClodfelter2008175-12] Clodfelter 2008, p. 175.

[FOOTNOTEBodart1916127-13] Bodart 1916, p. 127.

[14] Zamoyski 2005, p. 536

[Bogdanovich-15] Bogdanovich, "History of Patriotic War 1812", Spt., 1859–1860, Appendix, pp. 492–503.

[FOOTNOTEBodart1916128-16] Bodart 1916, p. 128.

[FOOTNOTEZamoyski2004536-17] Zamoyski 2004, p. 536.

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