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Stella Ting-Toomey is an American professor who teaches at California State University in the field of Communication Studies.[1] She has contributed a great deal of research that tests the tenets of face negotiation theory. Her work and research have included a focus on intercultural communication[1]. Stella Ting-Toomey is from Hong Kong, China and came to the US to study in Iowa City.[2] She received her Ph.D. from the University of Washington. [3] She has published various books, articles, and journals in the field of communication studies.

Theory development

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Face-Negotiation Theory

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The face-negotiation theory is the process of altering and adjusting ones face during a conflict situation, which can vary across cultures.[4] The theory originated in the work of Goffman, Levinson, and Brown, and Stella Ting-Toomey has expanded the theory with her own research.[4] Face is the way in which we attribute our self-meaning to and how we recognize ourselves as individuals.[5] Another aspect of the face-negotiation theory is facework, which is the way we hold our face in efforts to remain stable.[5] Our face can change depending on conflict situations causing it to decline or remain.[5]

Individualism vs Collectivism

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People who are individualistic value themselves as individuals over the group as a whole.[6] People who are collectivistic value the group as a whole over their own personal gains as individuals.[6] These concepts influence the face-negotiation theory as it varies across cultures, affecting how we approach and deal with conflicts.[4] Another aspect of these two concepts that influence the face-negotiation theory is power distance, which is how power is spread across a society's rankings.[7]

Intercultural Forgiveness

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Stella Ting-Toomey has completed research about intercultural forgiveness alongside researchers Qin Zhang, John G. Oetzel, and Jibiao Zhang, specifically between America and China.[8] The research study measured the emotions related to forgiveness both before and after the act of forgiving, through using college students as participants.[8] Their study illustrated the cultures to be more parallel in relation to both emotions and forgiveness.[8]

Professional Work

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Stella Ting-Toomey has used her research in intercultural communication to publish various books, journals, and articles. Stella Ting-Toomey has also delivered speeches within the United States, as well as also across the world, specifically in both Asia and Europe.[1]

Books

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  • Communicating Across Cultures Second Edition (2018)[9]
  • Understanding Intercultural Communication (2012)[10]
  • Communicating Across Cultures (2012)[11]
  • The SAGE Handbook of Conflict Communication: Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice (2006)[12]
  • Managing Intercultural Conflict Effectively (2001)[13]
  • Communicating Effectively with the Chinese (1998)[14]
  • Communication in Personal Relationships Across Cultures (1996)[15]
  • Building Bridges: Interpersonal Skills for a Changing World (1994)[16]
  • Cross Cultural Interpersonal Communication (1991)[17]
  • Communicating for Peace: Diplomacy and Negotiation (1990)[18]
  • Language, Communication, and Culture (1989) [19]
  • Culture and Interpersonal Communication (1988) [20]
  • Communication, Culture, and Organizational Processes (1985)[21]
  • Gossip as a Communication Construct (1979)[22]

Articles/Journals

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  • Stella Ting-Toomey (2010) Applying Dimensional Values in Understanding Intercultural Communication,Communication Monographs, 77:2, 169-180.
  • John G. Oetzel, Stella Ting‐Toomey, Yumiko Yokochi, Tomoko Masumoto & Jiro Takai (2000) A typology of facework behaviors in conflicts with best friends and relative strangers, Communication Quarterly, 48:4, 397-419.
  • John Oetzel, Stella Ting-Toomey, Martha Idalia Chew-Sanchez, Richard Harris, Richard Wilcox & Siegfried Stumpf(2003) Face and Facework in Conflicts With Parents and Siblings: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Germans, Japanese, Mexicans, and U.S. Americans, Journal of Family Communication, 3:2, 67-93.
  • Qin Zhang, Stella Ting-Toomey, John G. Oetzel & Jibiao Zhang (2015) The Emotional Side of Forgiveness: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Role of Anger and Compassion and Face Threat in Interpersonal Forgiveness and Reconciliation, Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 8:4, 311-329.
  • Stella Ting‐Toomey (1983) Coding conversation between intimates: A validation study of the intimate negotiation coding system (INCS), Communication Quarterly, 31:1, 68-77.
  • William B. Gudykunst, Stella Ting‐Toomey & Richard L. Wiseman (1991) Taming the beast: Designing a course in intercultural communication, Communication Education, 40:3, 272-285.
  • John Oetzel, Stella Ting-Toomey, Tomoko Masumoto, Yumiko Yokochi, Xiaohui Pan, Jiro Takai & Richard Wilcox(2001) Face and facework in conflict: a cross-cultural comparison of China, Germany, Japan, and the United States,Communication Monographs, 68:3, 235-258.
  • Ting-Toomey, S. (1980). Talk as Cultural Resource in Chinese-American Speech Community. Communication, 9(1), 193.
  • Laura V. Martinez, Stella Ting-Toomey & Tenzin Dorjee (2016) Identity Management and Relational Culture in Interfaith Marital Communication in a United States Context: A Qualitative Study, Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 45:6, 503-525.
  • Courtney Vail Fletcher, Masato Nakazawa, Yea-Wen Chen, John G. Oetzel, Stella Ting-Toomey, Shau-Ju Chang & Qin Zhang (2014) Establishing Cross-Cultural Measurement Equivalence of Scales Associated with Face-Negotiation Theory: A Critical Issue in Cross-Cultural Comparisons, Journal of International and Intercultural Communication,7:2, 148-169.
  • Stella Ting-Toomey (2010) Applying Dimensional Values in Understanding Intercultural Communication,Communication Monographs, 77:2, 169-180.
  • Lea P. Stewart, William B. Gudykunst, Stella Ting‐Toomey & Tsukasa Nishida (1986) The effects of decision‐making style on openness and satisfaction within Japanese organizations, Communication Monographs, 53:3, 236-251.
  • Stella Ting-Toomey (2007) Intercultural Conflict Training: Theory-Practice Approaches and Research Challenges,Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 36:3, 255-271.
  • Hiroko Koike, William B. Gudykunst, Lea P. Stewart, Stella Ting‐Toomey & Tsukasa Nishida (1988) Communication openness, satisfaction, and length of employment in Japanese organizations, Communication Research Reports,5:2, 97-102.
  • Leeva Chiling Chung & Stella Ting‐Toomey (1999) Ethnic identity and relational expectations among Asian Americans, Communication Research Reports, 16:2, 157-166.
  • Stella Ting‐Toomey, John G. Oetzel & Kimberlie Yee‐Jung (2001) Self‐construal types and conflict management styles, Communication Reports, 14:2, 87-104.
  • Tenzin Dorjee, Noorie Baig & Stella Ting-Toomey (2013) A Social Ecological Perspective on Understanding “Honor Killing”: An Intercultural Moral Dilemma, Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 42:1, 1-21.
  • Angela Hoppe‐Nagao & Stella Ting‐Toomey (2002) Relational dialectics and management strategies in marital couples, Southern Communication Journal, 67:2, 142-159.
  • Stella Ting‐Toomey (1988) Rhetorical sensitivity style in three cultures: France, Japan, and the United States, Central States Speech Journal, 39:1, 28-36.
  • Adrian Toomey, Tenzin Dorjee & Stella Ting-Toomey (2013) Bicultural Identity Negotiation, Conflicts, and Intergroup Communication Strategies, Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 42:2, 112-134.
  • Ting-Toomey, S. (1984). Perceived Decision - Making Power and Marital Adjustment. Communication Research Reports, 1(1), 15–20.
  • Noorie Baig, Stella Ting-Toomey & Tenzin Dorjee (2014) Intergenerational Narratives on Face: A South Asian Indian American Perspective, Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 7:2, 127-147.
  • Ruifang Zhang, Stella Ting-Toomey, Tenzin Dorjee & Peter S. Lee (2012) Culture and self-construal as predictors of relational responses to emotional infidelity: China and the United States, Chinese Journal of Communication, 5:2,137-159.
  • Ting-Toomey, S. (1986). Japanese Communication Patterns: Insider Versus the Outsider Perspective. World Communication, 15(2), 113.

Accomplishments

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Awards

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  • 2008: CSU Wang Family Excellence Award [3]
  • 2007-2008: CSU-Fullerton Outstanding Professor Award[3]

Published Within

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  • International Journal of Intercultural Relations[3]
  • Communication Monographs[3]
  • Human Communication Research[3]
  • The International Journal of Conflict Management[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Dr. Stella Ting-Toomey". www.ces.uc.pt. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
  2. ^ "Stella Ting-Toomey". Guilford Press. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Ting-Toomey, Stella". SAGE Publications Inc. 2018-11-24. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
  4. ^ a b c Oetzel, John G.; Ting-Toomey, Stella (2003-12). "Face Concerns in Interpersonal Conflict". Communication Research. 30 (6): 599–624. doi:10.1177/0093650203257841. ISSN 0093-6502. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ a b c Gudykunst, William B. (2005). Theorizing About Intercultural Communication. SAGE. ISBN 9780761927495.
  6. ^ a b Chen, Xinguang; Gong, Jie; Yu, Bin; Li, Shiyue; Striley, Catherine; Yang, Niannian; Li, Fang (2015-05-24). "Constructs, Concept Mapping, and Psychometric Assessment of the Concise Scale of Individualism–Collectivism". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 43 (4): 667–683. doi:10.2224/sbp.2015.43.4.667. ISSN 0301-2212.
  7. ^ Ting-Toomey, Stella (2007-11). "Intercultural Conflict Training: Theory-Practice Approaches and Research Challenges". Journal of Intercultural Communication Research. 36 (3): 255–271. doi:10.1080/17475750701737199. ISSN 1747-5759. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ a b c "Do We Forgive to Help Others or Ourselves?". National Communication Association. 2016-07-20. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  9. ^ Ting-Toomey, Stella; Dorjee, Tenzin (2018-10-08). Communicating Across Cultures, Second Edition. Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781462536474.
  10. ^ Ting-Toomey, Stella; Chung, Leeva (2012-01-26). Understanding Intercultural Communication. OUP USA. ISBN 9780199739790.
  11. ^ Ting-Toomey, Stella (2012-08-30). Communicating Across Cultures. Guilford Press. ISBN 9781462508761.
  12. ^ Oetzel, John G.; Ting-Toomey, Stella (2006-01-18). The SAGE Handbook of Conflict Communication: Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781452261638.
  13. ^ Ting-Toomey, Stella; Oetzel, John G. (2001-07-25). Managing Intercultural Conflict Effectively. SAGE. ISBN 9780803948433.
  14. ^ Gao, Ge; Kao, Ko; Ting-Toomey, Stella (1998-06-10). Communicating Effectively with the Chinese. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9780803970038.
  15. ^ Gudykunst, William B.; Ting-Toomey, Stella; Nishida, Tsukasa (1996). Communication in personal relationships across cultures. Sage Publications. ISBN 9780803946712.
  16. ^ Gudykunst, William B.; Ting-Toomey, Stella; Stewart, Lea P.; Sudweeks, Sandra (1994-08-30). Building Bridges: Interpersonal Skills for a Changing World. Allyn & Bacon, Incorporated. ISBN 9780205555222.
  17. ^ Ting-Toomey, Stella; Korzenny, Felipe (1991). Cross-cultural interpersonal communication. Sage. ISBN 9780803940482.
  18. ^ Korzenny, Felipe; Ting-Toomey, Stella (1990-01-01). Communicating for Peace: Diplomacy and Negotiation. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9780803937277.
  19. ^ Ting-Toomey, Stella; Korzenny, Felípe (1989-04-01). Language, communication, and culture: current directions. Sage Publications. ISBN 9780803934498.
  20. ^ Gudykunst, William B.; Ting-Toomey, Stella (1988-11-01). Culture and Interpersonal Communication. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9780803929456.
  21. ^ Gudykunst, William B.; Stewart, Lea P.; Ting-Toomey, Stella (1985-04-01). Communication, culture, and organizational processes. Sage Publications. ISBN 9780803924284.
  22. ^ Ting-Toomey, Stella (1979). Gossip as a Communication Construct. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement.