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Bronze sandbox

Bivalvia - taxonomy overhaul

Intro notes to section (PLEASE NOTE THIS HAS GONE LIVE ON Bivalvia ALREADY) edit

Many systems have been developed for the classification of bivalves, but for the past two centuries no professional consensus has existed on bivalve phylogeny. In the earlier taxonomic systems experts used only one characteristic feature for their taxonomic system, either shell morphology, hinge type, or the type of gills. Many conflicts existed due to taxonomies based on single organ systems and conflicting naming schemes proliferated. One of the most widely accepted systems was that of Newell in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Moore [ed.] (1969), which employed a classification system based on general shell shape, microstructures and hinge configuration.[1] Since features such as hinge morphology, dentition, mineralogy, and shell morphology and composition change slowly these characteristics can be used for defining major taxonomic groups. Due to the numerous fossil lineages, DNA sequence data is of limited use in classifying extinct species.

In the last decade, taxonomic studies using cladistical analyses of multiple organ systems, shell morphology (including species in the fossil record), and modern molecular phylogenetics have drawn what experts believe to be a more accurate phylogeny of the Bivalvia.[2][3][4][5][6] Based upon these studies a new proposed classification system for the Bivalvia was published in 2010 by Bieler, Carter & Coan.[7] Currently, in 2012, this new taxonomic classification system has been recognized by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as the classification system for the Bivalvia. Some experts still maintain that the Anomalodesmacea is a separate Subclass, whereas Bieler, et al. place it as the Order Anomalodesmata within the Heterodonta. Molecular phylogeny work continues, further refining the taxonomy of the Bivalvia.[8][9]

2010 proposed taxonomy of the Bivalvia edit

In May 2010 a new taxonomy of the Bivalvia was published in the journal Malacologia. In this classification 324 families were recognized as valid, 214 of which are known exclusively as fossils and 110 families occur in the Recent with or without a fossil record.[10] This publication consisted of two parts :

  • Nomenclator of Bivalve Names of the Family-Group and above
  • Classification of Bivalve Families (under the redaction of Rüdiger Bieler, Joseph G. Carter and Eugene V. Coan)

The 2010 proposed taxonomy of the Class Bivalvia is as follows:

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Heterodonta edit

Infraclass: Archiheterodonta edit

Order: Carditoida edit

Infraclass: Euheterodonta edit

Unassigned Euheterodonta edit

Order: Anomalodesmata edit

Order: Myoida edit

Order: Lucinoida edit

Order: Veneroida edit

Subclass: Palaeoheterodonta edit

Order: Trigonioida edit

Order: Unionoida edit

Subclass: Protobranchia edit

Order: Nuclanoida edit

Order: Nuculida edit

Order: Solemyoida edit

Subclass: Pteriomorphia edit

Order: Arcoida edit

Infraclass: Eupteriomorphia edit

Order: Ostreoida edit

Suborder: Pectinoida edit
Suborder: Limoida edit
Suborder: Mytiloida edit
Suborder: Pterioida edit


References edit

  1. ^ Norman D. Newell (1969): [Bivalvia systematics]. In: Moore, R.C.: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part N.
  2. ^ G. Giribet and W. Wheeler (2002) On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121(4):271-324.
  3. ^ Bieler, R. & Mikkelsen, P.M. (2006) Bivalvia - a Look at the Branches, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235.
  4. ^ Mikkelsen, P. M., R. Bieler, I. Kappner & T. A. Rawlings (2006) Phylogeny of Veneroidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) based on morphology and molecules. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148(3): 439-521.
  5. ^ Taylor, J.D., S.T. Williams, E.A. Glover & P. Dyal (2007) A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes, Zoologica Scripta 36: 587-606.
  6. ^ Taylor, J. D., E. A. Glover, and S. T. Williams (2009) Phylogenetic position of the bivalve family Cyrenoididae – removal from (and further dismantling of) the superfamily Lucinoidea. Nautilus 123(1): 9-13.
  7. ^ Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. (2010) Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184
  8. ^ Tëmkin, I. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of pearl oysters and their relatives (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pterioidea). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 342., available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-10-342.pdf
  9. ^ Taylor, J. D., Glover, E. A., Dyal, P. and S. T. Williams (2011) Molecular phylogeny and classification of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family Lucinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163:15-49.
  10. ^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Bieler, Rüdiger; Carter, Joseph G.; Coan, Eugene V. (2010). "Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families". Malacologia. 52 (2): 1–184. doi:10.4002/040.052.0201.


Further reading edit

  • Poutiers, J.M. & F.R. Bernard (1995) Carnivorous bivalve molluscs (Anomalodesmata) from the tropical western Pacific Ocean, with a proposed classification and a catalogue of Recent species. In : P. Bouchet (ed.), Résultats des Campagnes Musorstom, vol. 14. Mémoires Muséum national Histoire naturelle, 167 : 107-187
  • Vaught, K.C. (1989) A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.


External Links edit

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