User:RMM72/sandbox

Notes

On Public Speaking:

> The how-to section is a distraction from the topic of the Wikipedia page.

> Reference 12 does not exist on the website??

Evaluation: The 'Methods and Techniques' section should be moved over to the scholarly side of Wikipedia but does have interesting points in it that would make for a good section in another article that focuses on those ideas. However, it takes away from the "overall" aspect that the page is supposed to display. Also, the twelfth reference on the 'References' section does not seem to exist if one was to go on the website mentioned. I do not know if it had been taken down or not but I was not able to find it myself with what was provided. Rechecking the reference sources might be a good idea or providing the direct hyperlink to the article you used as a source would work as well. 

Potential Topics

→ High and Low-Context Culture ;; possibly providing a stronger introduction to the article and cleaning up some citations

→ Interpersonal Relationship ;; checking citations

→ Human Multitasking ;; cleaning body paragraphs of direct quotes and replacing them with original wordings, adding more verifiable resources and extending upon the article in general

→ Collectivism ;; review and touch up the paragraphs to make it more of a scholarly unbiased, impersonal article, add more citations, replace paraphrased quotes with original wordings

Collectivist Culture Sources (MLA Format)

1) Brewer, Paul, and Sunil Venaik. “Individualism—Collectivism in Hofstede and GLOBE.” Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 42, no. 3, 2011, pp. 436–445., www.jstor.org/stable/29789431. Link

2) Wagner, John A. “Studies of Individualism-Collectivism: Effects on Cooperation in Groups.” The Academy of Management Journal, vol. 38, no. 1, 1995, pp. 152–172., www.jstor.org/stable/256731.

3) Parks, Craig D., and Anh D. Vu. “Social Dilemma Behavior of Individuals from Highly Individualist and Collectivist Cultures.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 38, no. 4, 1994, pp. 708–718., www.jstor.org/stable/174336. Link

4) Gloria Moss, et al. “Knowledge Management in Higher Education: A Comparison of Individualistic and Collectivist Cultures.” European Journal of Education, vol. 42, no. 3, 2007, pp. 377–394., www.jstor.org/stable/4543103. Link

5) Ghosh, Apoorva. "Power Distance in Organizational Contexts-a Review of Collectivist Cultures." Indian Journal of Industrial Relations 47.1 (2011): 89. Academic OneFile. Web. 27 Mar. 2017. Link

6) Hofstede, G. 2001. Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Thou¬ sand Oaks, CA: Sage. Link

Collectivist Culture DRAFT

I WILL DELETE ALL OF THE CONTENT IN THE SECTION "Culture and politics" AND REPLACE IT WITH WHAT I EDITED BELOW (I will not touch on the political aspect, only cultural)

From Source 5): "Hofstede (1980) brought forth four cultural dimensions that became the most popular references in cross- cultural studies later. These are individualism/ collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity."

My Edit: Collectivism is one of the four dimensions of Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. In a collectivist culture, people identify themselves with a group. They believe that the desire and goals of their group are more important than anyone else's individual ideas. Thus, they are more connected to their group and care less about themselves as an individual and more about themselves as a whole.

From Source 3): "Our studies clearly demonstrated that one's culture does play at least some part in mixed-motive behavior. We found that subjects from a culture in which the collective is heavily emphasized were much more cooperative than subjects from a culture in which individual gain is emphasized. Further, this pattern held across varying degrees of severity of opponent strategy." "It is known that collectivists perceive interactions with outgroup members to be more exploitative and manipulative, and that collectivitsts will act more like individualists in such situations (Triandis 1989; Triandis et al. 1987).

My Edit: Several studies have shown the consistent impact that collectivist cultures and individualist cultures have on the willingness to cooperate with others during group activities. Collectivists are more likely to accommodate when in an individualistic culture and change their behaviors based on their situations better than individualists.

From Source 6): "Individualism stands for a society in which the ties between individuals are loose: Everyone is expected to look after her/his immediate family only. Collectivism stands for a society in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, which throughout people's lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty."

My Edit: In a collectivist society, people value their ingroup as a whole, taking into account how their actions give a positive or negative impression to outgroups while staying tightly knit with their ingroup.

From Source 1): "Institutional Collectivism is defined as 'the degree to which organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action.'" "In-group Collectivism is defined as 'the degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations or families.'"

My Edit: There are two types of Collectivism: Institutional Collectivism and In-group Collectivism. Institutional Collectivism is the idea that a work environment creates a sense of collectivist nature due to similar statuses and similar rewards, such as earning the same salary. In-group Collectivism is the idea that an individual's chosen group of people, such as family or friend groups, create a sense of collectivist nature.

From Source 1): "We propose that in order to improve clarity and understanding, we relabel the 'In-group Collectivism' dimension in GLOBE as 'Family Collectivism' is further supported by the strong correlation between this dimension and 'strength of family ties' and 'respect for family and friends' reported in Gelfand et al. (2004: 486)."

My Edit: In-group Collectivism can be referred to as Family Collectivism.

Individualisic culture Peer Review

· What's Good:

> Sources - Great and reliable Resources; I used similar in my draft which is good because my topic on collectivist culture is significantly related to yours

> Structure - Adding the two topics to the article was a good choice; adding examples was a nice touch

> Neutrality - Word choice and sentence structure was informative and neutral

· What to Work On:

> Structure - Proof-read your sentences; you missed a few articles, like "depending on the culture a person is brought up in...," and some punctuation, such as "Using this approach , a person..."

> Balancing- You touch almost equally between collectivism and individualism; I suggest to link to the collectivist page instead of explaining yourself so that readers are able to read further into that specific topic. The focus of your article should solely be on individualist culture.