Other Pages: Furin (Protein Template); FURIN (No Data); FUR (No Data); Fur (Unknown Data); PACE (DisAmbig); Pace (DisAmbig); PCSK3 (No Data); Pcsk3 (No Data); SPC1 (No Data); Spc1 (No Data);
INFO: Beginning work on BAD... {November 6, 2007 3:33:08 PM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 3:34:04 PM PST}
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = BCL2-antagonist of cell death
| HGNCid = 936
| Symbol = BAD
| AltSymbols =; BBC2; BCL2L8
| OMIM = 603167
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3189
| MGIid = 1096330
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_BAD_1861_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_BAD_209364_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005739 |text = mitochondrion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005741 |text = mitochondrial outer membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006007 |text = glucose catabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008624 |text = induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008632 |text = apoptotic program}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042593 |text = glucose homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042981 |text = regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045579 |text = positive regulation of B cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045582 |text = positive regulation of T cell differentiation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 572
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000002330
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004313
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004322
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 63793878
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 63808740
| Hs_Uniprot = Q92934
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12015
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024959
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007522
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031548
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 7008905
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 7018937
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TFU7
}}
}}
'''BCL2-antagonist of cell death''', also known as '''BAD''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BCL-2 family. BCL-2 family members are known to be regulators of programmed cell death. This protein positively regulates cell apoptosis by forming heterodimers with BCL-xL and BCL-2, and reversing their death repressor activity. Proapoptotic activity of this protein is regulated through its phosphorylation. Protein kinases AKT and MAP kinase, as well as protein phosphatase calcineurin were found to be involved in the regulation of this protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same isoform.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BAD BCL2-antagonist of cell death| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=572| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Tolstrup M, Ostergaard L, Laursen AL, ''et al.'' |title=HIV/SIV escape from immune surveillance: focus on Nef. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=2 |issue= 2 |pages= 141-51 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15078178 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jiang P, Du W, Wu M |title=p53 and Bad: remote strangers become close friends. |journal=Cell Res. |volume=17 |issue= 4 |pages= 283-5 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17404594 |doi= 10.1038/cr.2007.19 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 4:10:39 PM PST}
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_FURIN_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1p8j.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1p8j}}
| Name = Furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme)
| HGNCid = 8568
| Symbol = FURIN
| AltSymbols =; FUR; PACE; PCSK3; SPC1
| OMIM = 136950
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1930
| MGIid = 97513
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_FURIN_201945_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004276 |text = furin activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004289 |text = subtilase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008233 |text = peptidase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005794 |text = Golgi apparatus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030140 |text = trans-Golgi network transport vesicle}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006465 |text = signal peptide processing}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5045
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000140564
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002560
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002569
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 15
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 89212889
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 89227691
| Hs_Uniprot = P09958
| Mm_EntrezGene = 18550
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000030530
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_980423
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_985517
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 80262709
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 80276275
| Mm_Uniprot = Q6GTN6
}}
}}
'''Furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme)''', also known as '''FURIN''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family. The members of this family are proprotein convertases that process latent precursor proteins into their biologically active products. This encoded protein is a calcium-dependent serine endoprotease that can efficiently cleave precursor proteins at their paired basic amino acid processing sites. Some of its substrates are: proparathyroid hormone, transforming growth factor beta 1 precursor, proalbumin, pro-beta-secretase, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, beta subunit of pro-nerve growth factor and von Willebrand factor. It is also thought to be one of the proteases responsible for the activation of HIV envelope glycoproteins gp160 and gp140. This gene is thought to play a role in tumor progression. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FURIN furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5045| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Nakayama K |title=Furin: a mammalian subtilisin/Kex2p-like endoprotease involved in processing of a wide variety of precursor proteins. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=327 ( Pt 3) |issue= |pages= 625-35 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9599222 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bassi DE, Mahloogi H, Klein-Szanto AJ |title=The proprotein convertases furin and PACE4 play a significant role in tumor progression. |journal=Mol. Carcinog. |volume=28 |issue= 2 |pages= 63-9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10900462 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 3:58:48 PM PST}
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{{PBB_Controls
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_HLA-DQA1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1jk8.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1jk8}}, {{PDB2|1s9v}}, {{PDB2|1uvq}}
| Name = Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1
| HGNCid = 4942
| Symbol = HLA-DQA1
| AltSymbols =; GSE; CD; CELIAC1; DQ-A1; FLJ27088; FLJ27328; HLA DQA1; HLA-DQA
| OMIM = 146880
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 7750
| MGIid = 95895
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HLA-DQA1_212671_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_HLA-DQA1_213831_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_HLA-DQA1_203290_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032395 |text = MHC class II receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042613 |text = MHC class II protein complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002504 |text = antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3117
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000196735
| Hs_RefseqProtein = XP_001134217
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = XM_001134217
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 32713112
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 32719345
| Hs_Uniprot = P01907
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14960
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000036594
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010378
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034508
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 33891095
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 33896139
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TB90
}}
}}
'''Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1''', also known as '''HLA-DQA1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = HLA-DQA1 belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B Lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa. It is encoded by 5 exons; exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, and exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DQ molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to four different molecules. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow transplantation.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HLA-DQA1 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3117| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Schmidt H, Williamson D, Ashley-Koch A |title=HLA-DR15 haplotype and multiple sclerosis: a HuGE review. |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=165 |issue= 10 |pages= 1097-109 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17329717 |doi= 10.1093/aje/kwk118 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 4:00:14 PM PST}
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_IL6ST_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1bj8.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1bj8}}, {{PDB2|1bqu}}, {{PDB2|1i1r}}, {{PDB2|1p9m}}, {{PDB2|1pvh}}
| Name = Interleukin 6 signal transducer (gp130, oncostatin M receptor)
| HGNCid = 6021
| Symbol = IL6ST
| AltSymbols =; CD130; CDw130; GP130; GP130-RAPS; IL6R-beta
| OMIM = 600694
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1645
| MGIid = 96560
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004915 |text = interleukin-6 receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004924 |text = oncostatin-M receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007166 |text = cell surface receptor linked signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008593 |text = regulation of Notch signaling pathway}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3572
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002175
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002184
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16195
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000021756
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010560
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034690
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 13
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 113584987
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 113627719
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TDT5
}}
}}
'''Interleukin 6 signal transducer (gp130, oncostatin M receptor)''', also known as '''IL6ST''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a signal transducer shared by many cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL6), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and oncostatin M (OSM). This protein functions as a part of the cytokine receptor complex. The activation of this protein is dependent upon the binding of cytokines to their receptors. vIL6, a protein related to IL6 and encoded by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, can bypass the interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) and directly activate this protein. Knockout studies in mice suggested a critical role of the gene encoding this protein in regulating myocyte apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL6ST interleukin 6 signal transducer (gp130, oncostatin M receptor)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3572| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on KCNJ11... {November 6, 2007 4:04:34 PM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 4:05:25 PM PST}
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{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11
| HGNCid = 6257
| Symbol = KCNJ11
| AltSymbols =; BIR; HHF2; IKATP; KIR6.2; MGC133230; PHHI; TNDM3
| OMIM = 600937
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 441
| MGIid = 107501
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005244 |text = voltage-gated ion channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015272 |text = ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030955 |text = potassium ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006811 |text = ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006813 |text = potassium ion transport}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3767
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000187486
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000516
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000525
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 17365042
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 17366214
| Hs_Uniprot = Q14654
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16514
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000070561
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010602
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034732
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 45966767
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 45967939
| Mm_Uniprot = Q8CCI6
}}
}}
'''Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11''', also known as '''KCNJ11''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins and is found associated with the sulfonylurea receptor SUR. Mutations in this gene are a cause of familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by unregulated insulin secretion. Defects in this gene may also contribute to autosomal dominant non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type II (NIDDM).<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: KCNJ11 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3767| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Aguilar-Bryan L, Bryan J |title=Molecular biology of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. |journal=Endocr. Rev. |volume=20 |issue= 2 |pages= 101-35 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10204114 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Meissner T, Beinbrech B, Mayatepek E |title=Congenital hyperinsulinism: molecular basis of a heterogeneous disease. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=13 |issue= 5 |pages= 351-61 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10338089 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:5<351::AID-HUMU3>3.0.CO;2-R }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kubo Y, Adelman JP, Clapham DE, ''et al.'' |title=International Union of Pharmacology. LIV. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of inwardly rectifying potassium channels. |journal=Pharmacol. Rev. |volume=57 |issue= 4 |pages= 509-26 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16382105 |doi= 10.1124/pr.57.4.11 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gloyn AL, Siddiqui J, Ellard S |title=Mutations in the genes encoding the pancreatic beta-cell KATP channel subunits Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR1 (ABCC8) in diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinism. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=27 |issue= 3 |pages= 220-31 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16416420 |doi= 10.1002/humu.20292 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Flechtner I, de Lonlay P, Polak M |title=Diabetes and hypoglycaemia in young children and mutations in the Kir6.2 subunit of the potassium channel: therapeutic consequences. |journal=Diabetes Metab. |volume=32 |issue= 6 |pages= 569-80 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17296510 |doi= 10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70311-7 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 4:17:47 PM PST}
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_UBB_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1aar.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1aar}}, {{PDB2|1cmx}}, {{PDB2|1d3z}}, {{PDB2|1f9j}}, {{PDB2|1fxt}}, {{PDB2|1g6j}}, {{PDB2|1gjz}}, {{PDB2|1nbf}}, {{PDB2|1ogw}}, {{PDB2|1otr}}, {{PDB2|1p3q}}, {{PDB2|1q0w}}, {{PDB2|1q5w}}, {{PDB2|1s1q}}, {{PDB2|1sif}}, {{PDB2|1tbe}}, {{PDB2|1ubi}}, {{PDB2|1ubq}}, {{PDB2|1ud7}}, {{PDB2|1uzx}}, {{PDB2|1v80}}, {{PDB2|1v81}}, {{PDB2|1wr1}}, {{PDB2|1wr6}}, {{PDB2|1wrd}}, {{PDB2|1xd3}}, {{PDB2|1xqq}}, {{PDB2|1yd8}}, {{PDB2|1yiw}}, {{PDB2|1yj1}}, {{PDB2|1yx5}}, {{PDB2|1yx6}}, {{PDB2|1zgu}}, {{PDB2|2ayo}}, {{PDB2|2bgf}}, {{PDB2|2c7m}}, {{PDB2|2c7n}}, {{PDB2|2d3g}}, {{PDB2|2den}}, {{PDB2|2dx5}}, {{PDB2|2fcm}}, {{PDB2|2fcn}}, {{PDB2|2fcq}}, {{PDB2|2fcs}}, {{PDB2|2fid}}, {{PDB2|2fif}}, {{PDB2|2fuh}}, {{PDB2|2g3q}}, {{PDB2|2g45}}, {{PDB2|2gbj}}, {{PDB2|2gbk}}, {{PDB2|2gbm}}, {{PDB2|2gbn}}, {{PDB2|2gbr}}, {{PDB2|2gmi}}, {{PDB2|2hd5}}, {{PDB2|2hth}}, {{PDB2|2ibi}}, {{PDB2|2j7q}}, {{PDB2|2nr2}}, {{PDB2|2o6v}}, {{PDB2|2oob}}
| Name = Ubiquitin B
| HGNCid = 12463
| Symbol = UBB
| AltSymbols =; FLJ25987; MGC8385
| OMIM = 191339
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 75104
| MGIid =
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_UBB_200633_at_tn.png
| Function =
| Component =
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006464 |text = protein modification process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7314
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000170315
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_061828
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_018955
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 16225092
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 16226779
| Hs_Uniprot = P62988
| Mm_EntrezGene =
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA =
| Mm_RefseqProtein =
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Ubiquitin B''', also known as '''UBB''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin is required for ATP-dependent, nonlysosomal intracellular protein degradation of abnormal proteins and normal proteins with a rapid turnover. Ubiquitin is covalently bound to proteins to be degraded, and presumably labels these proteins for degradation. Ubiquitin also binds to histone H2A in actively transcribed regions but does not cause histone H2A degradation, suggesting that ubiquitin is also involved in regulation of gene expression. This gene consists of three direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence with no spacer sequence. Consequently, the protein is expressed as a polyubiquitin precursor with a final amino acid after the last repeat. Aberrant form of this protein has been noticed in patients with Alzheimer's and Down syndrome.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: UBB ubiquitin B| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7314| accessdate = }}</ref>
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==References==
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==Further reading==
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{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Conaway RC, Brower CS, Conaway JW |title=Emerging roles of ubiquitin in transcription regulation. |journal=Science |volume=296 |issue= 5571 |pages= 1254-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12016299 |doi= 10.1126/science.1067466 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Murphey RK, Godenschwege TA |title=New roles for ubiquitin in the assembly and function of neuronal circuits. |journal=Neuron |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 5-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12367500 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mazzé FM, Degrève L |title=The role of viral and cellular proteins in the budding of human immunodeficiency virus. |journal=Acta Virol. |volume=50 |issue= 2 |pages= 75-85 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16808324 |doi= }}
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