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Scorpion mud turtle
Kinosternon scorpioides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Superfamily:
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Genus:
Spix, 1824
Species:
K. scorpioides
Binomial name
Kinosternon scorpioides
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms[1]
Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides
  • Testudo scorpioides Linnaeus, 1766
  • Testudo tricarinata Retzius, 1792
  • Testudo retzii Daudin, 1801
  • Emys retzii Schweigger, 1812
  • Emys scorpioidea Schweigger, 1812 (ex errore)
  • Emys scorpioides Oken, 1816
  • Chersine scorpioides Merrem, 1820
  • Terrapene tricarinata Merrem, 1820
  • Kinosternon brevicaudatum Spix, 1824
  • Kinosternon longicaudatum Spix, 1824
  • Kinosternon shavianum Bell, 1825
  • Terrapene retzii Fitzinger, 1826
  • Terrapene scorpioidea Fitzinger, 1826
  • Cinosternon brevicaudatum Wagler, 1830
  • Cinosternon longicaudatum Wagler, 1830
  • Cinosternon scorpioidea Wagler, 1830
  • Cinosternon shavianum Wagler, 1830
  • Clemmys tricarinata Wagler, 1830
  • Emys (Kinosternon) scorpoides Gray, 1831 (ex errore)
  • Kinosternon scorpioides Gray, 1831
  • Monoclida retziana Rafinesque, 1832
  • Uronyx scorpioides Rafinesque, 1832
  • Cinosternon scorpioidei Wagler, 1833 (ex errore)
  • Cinosternon scorpioideum Wagler, 1833 (ex errore)
  • Terrapene scorpioides Schinz, 1833
  • Cinosternon scorpioides Duméril & Bibron, 1835
  • Kinosternon shawianum Duméril & Bibron, 1835 (ex errore)
  • Clemmys (Cinosternon) scorpioidea Fitzinger, 1835
  • Kinosternon scorpoides Gray, 1844
  • Kinosternon (Swanka) scorpiodes Gray, 1844 (ex errore)
  • Kinosternum brevicaudatum LeConte, 1854
  • Kinosternum longicaudatum LeConte, 1854
  • Kinosternum scorpioides LeConte, 1854
  • Cinosternum brevicaudatum Agassiz, 1857
  • Cinosternum longicaudatum Agassiz, 1857
  • Cinosternum scorpioides Agassiz, 1857
  • Cinosternum shavianum Agassiz, 1857
  • Thyrosternum longecaudatum LeConte, 1859 (ex errore)
  • Thyrosternum scorpioides LeConte, 1859
  • Swanka scorpoides Gray, 1869
  • Swanka longicaudata Gray, 1870
  • Swanka scorpioides Gray, 1872
  • Cinosternon shawianum Bocourt, 1876
  • Ciniosternon shawianum Sumichrast, 1880
  • Cinosternum shawianum Sumichrast, 1882
  • Thyrosternum shavianum Garman, 1884
  • Cinosternum shawanianum Velasco, 1892 (ex errore)
  • Cinosternum scorpioides scorpioides Siebenrock, 1907
  • Kinosternon scorpioides pachyurum Müller & Hellmich, 1936
  • Kinosternon scorpioides seriei Freiberg, 1936
  • Kinosternon panamensis Schmidt, 1946
  • Kinosternon scorpioides panamense Mertens & Wermuth, 1955 (ex errore)
  • Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Kinosternon scorpioides pachyrum Wermuth & Mertens, 1977 (ex errore)
  • Kinosternon scorpioides serei Iverson, 1986 (ex errore)
  • Kinosternon scorpioides serieli Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993 (ex errore)
  • Kinosternon scorpioides carajanensis Rogner, 1996 (ex errore)
Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare
  • Kinosternon abaxillare Baur, 1925
  • Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare Berry, 1979
  • Kinosternon cruentatum abaxillare Artner, 2003
  • Kinosternon scorpioides carajasense Joseph-Ouni, 2004 (ex errore)
Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare
  • Cinosternon albogulare Duméril & Bocourt, 1870
  • Cinosternum albogulare Cope, 1875
  • Kinosternon cruentatum albogulare Wettstein, 1934
  • Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare Dunn & Saxe, 1950
Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum
  • Cinosternon cruentatum Duméril & Bibron, 1851
  • Kinosternum cruentatum LeConte, 1854
  • Kinosternum mexicanum LeConte, 1854
  • Kinosternon cruentatum Gray, 1856
  • Cinosternum cruentatum Agassiz, 1857
  • Cinosternum mexicanum Agassiz, 1857
  • Kinosternum triliratum LeConte, 1860
  • Cinosternon mexicanum Strauch, 1862
  • Cinosternon triliratum Strauch, 1862
  • Kinosternon mexicanum Müller, 1865
  • Swanka cruentata Gray, 1870
  • Swanka mexicana Gray, 1870
  • Swanka trilirata Gray, 1870
  • Thyrosternum cruentatum Garman, 1884
  • Cinosternum triliratum Günther, 1885
  • Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatum Schmidt, 1941
  • Kinosternon cruentatum consors Stejneger, 1941
  • Kinosternon crenulatum Pearse, 1945 (ex errore)
  • Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum Berry, 1979
  • Kinosternon cruentatum consor Obst, 1996 (ex errore)

The Scorpion mud turtle also known as Kinosternon scorpioides is mainly found in the southern parts of Panama over most of the northern part pf south America particularly in regions of Ecuador, Northern Peru, Southern Bolivia and Northern Argentina. It is a medium to large sized mud turtle. The adult males can grow upto 200mm in carapace length. It is an omnivorous turtle.

Habitat

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The species inhabitants a variety of fresh watercourses that consist of lakes, rivers, pond and streams. These places consist of rich number of aquatic plant and aquatic animals. The water body has a sediment layer of soil at the bottom. If the water dries up the turtle buries itself in the sediments at the bottom of the water body.

Sexual Dimorphism

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The species is recognized by its elongated shell. The shell is arched and can range from light brown to dark brown also sometimes black in colour. The underside of the scorpion mud turtle is light brown to yellowish in colour. The males tail is thick and long and has a sort of a nail at the end. the males have a large amount of pigmentation and a greater developed upper jaw. The name scorpion comes from the nail or spine on the tip of its tail. The females tail is however short with a small sort of small nail.

Reproductive Cycle

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Mature females lay upto five clutches of 1-8 eggs during a reproductive season. The turtle hatchlings spend majority of their time hid in the sediment, they emerge occasionally for food and air. They are mostly spotted during the time of sunset or sunrise. As the hatchlings grow older, their shells harden and emerge and stay out for a longer period of time.

Life Expectancy

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Life expectancy is approx. 44.7 years (captivity).

Subspecies

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References

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  1. ^ Fritz Uwe (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World". Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 255–258. doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895. S2CID 87809001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-17. Retrieved 29 May 2012. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  • Linnaeus, 1766 : Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Holmiae, p. 1-532.
  • Turtles of the World, 2010 Update:Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (Checklist 000v3), p. 97.
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Category:Kinosternon Category:Reptiles of Mexico Category:Reptiles of Central America Category:Reptiles of South America