José Miguel Caldas de Almeida is a Portuguese psychiatrist and Professor of Psychiatry and Mental Health at the NOVA University of Lisbon. He is Vice-Chair of the EU COST Action, FOSTREN. He has been involved with the reform of mental health services both at the national and global levels. He was the Chief of the Mental Health Unit at the Pan American Health Organisation, the Regional Office of the World Health Organization for the Americas, in Washington, D.C., and the leader of the European Union Joint Action for Mental Health and Wellbeing. He is currently the President of the Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and coordinates the “Global and Population Mental Health Group” of the Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. His current research interests are focused on the effects of social and economic factors on the mental health of populations, the transition from institutional care to community-based and human rights-oriented mental health care, and the implementation of mental health policies and services.