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Hunger

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Hunger in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world; a home for more than 160 million people. It progresses immensely in human development, particularly in the areas of literacy and life expectancy. But economic inequality has increased and about 32%, i.e. 50 million people still live in extreme poverty.

Hunger in Bangladesh is one of the major issues that affects the citizens. In Bangladesh 40% of the country falls under three categories: hunger, starvation and chronic hunger.

There are many consequences of hunger ,namely malnutrition, under nutrition, child stunting and child wasting. According to UNICEF, there are three main outcomes : underweight(moderately) 36.4%, stunting is at 41.3%, wasting is at 15.6%.

Facts

1.    Bangladesh has the highest rate of underweight children among all the countries in southern Asia. One of each two children under 5 is detained or stunted chronically, and 14 percent suffer from acute waste. WHO estimates two in three deaths under five are caused by malnutrition.

2.    Of the 50 million people missing food security in Bangladesh, less than half have access to food security network programs

3.    Food insecurity and malnutrition between populations at risk are high. These are influenced by seasonality and the price of available foods.

4.    Food insecurity in Bangladesh is derived from extreme poverty due to under and unemployment, inadequate access to land for cultivation, social exclusion and natural disasters. In these endangered, poor populations, women and children are more affected by undernutrition and malnutrition.

5.    About 24 percent of women has a reduced weight and 13 percent are short of stature, which significantly increases the likelihood that their children are atrophied.

6.    About 25% of children's diets complies with food varieties standards in which a minimum of 4 out of 7 food groups is consumed every day.

7.    Sacrifices in food consumption for the good of children's food, particularly in moments of scarcity, is highly disseminated. In most cases, it is an adult woman who has to make a sacrifice. The disproportionate poverty aimed at women and children comes due to the discrimination and traditions of exclusion, leaving them the most vulnerable.

8.    In the rich families, 26 percent of children under 5 are stunted and 12 percent are wasted. Undernutrition is not just a symptom of poverty. Poverty has decreased considerably since 2010, falling from 49% to around 25% in 2016. However, hunger still persists.

9.    Micronutrient shortcomings lead to "Hidden Hunger`.

10. Environmental disasters, if they have been ignored could increase food insecurity. Moreover, flooding,rural unemployment, lack of education and training in sustainable agricultural methods caused soil degradation that affects rice production.

Statistics

Historical data

The population below the minimum level of energy consumption in the diet (also known as the prevalence of the undernourishment) shows the percentage of the population whose food intake is insufficient to continuously meet the requirements of food energy. The data shown as 5 represents a prevalence of undernourishment less than 5%.

Bangladesh Hunger Statistics
Year	% of Population	Annual Change
2018	13.00%	-0.50%
2017	13.50%	-0.60%
2016	14.10%	-0.80%
2015	14.90%	0.40%
2014	14.50%	0.30%
2013	14.20%	0.40%
2012	13.80%	-0.10%
2011	13.90%	0.10%
2010	13.80%	-0.10%
2009	13.90%	0.20%
2008	13.70%	-0.30%
2007	14.00%	0.10%
2006	13.90%	-0.40%
2005	14.30%	-0.20%
2004	14.50%	-0.50%
2003	15.00%	-0.20%
2002	15.20%	-0.80%
2001	16.00%	-0.80%

Global Hunger Index

GHI

The Global Hunger index (GHI) is a means of calculating and tracing hunger and undernutrition at global, regional, and national levels.

GHI Severity Scale

Indicator	Severity scale
GHI	≥50: extremely alarming 35-49.9: alarming 20-34.9: serious 10-19.9: moderate ≤9.9: low

The GHI combines 4 component indicators:[1]

1. the proportion of the undernourished as a percentage of the population;
2. the proportion of children under the age of five suffering from wasting, a sign of acute undernutrition;
3. the proportion of children under the age of five suffering from stunting, a sign of chronic undernutrition; and
4. the mortality rate of children under the age of five.

Bangladesh GHI[edit]

In the 2020 GHI, Bangladesh secures 75th position out of 107 countries. Bangladesh scores 20.4 , which is ,according to severity scale , the level of hunger is serious.

GHI INDICATOR VALUES FOR DIVISIONS, BANGLADESH

Division	Child stunting (%)	Child wasting (%)	Child mortality (%)
Barisal	39.9	17.7	3.5
Chittagong	38.0	15.6	5.0
Dhaka	33.9	11.9	4.1
Khulna	28.1	13.5	5.6
Rajshahi	31.1	17.3	4.3
Rangpur	36.0	17.7	3.9
Sylhet	49.6	12.1	6.7
Total	36.1	14.3	4.6

Gender bias

In certain house holds , there are gender preferences on feeding their members. In small villages where males are held in a different standard, parents will feed their sons over their daughters. Apart from effects of mother nature, it has also been recorded that the head of the household has a great impact in regards to the food consumption.

Impact of Climate change on food security

Climate Change Bangladesh

Over the past two decades, floods, droughts and hurricanes have increasingly caused major economic losses and livelihood damage in Bangladesh. Agriculture is a major industry that accounts for nearly 20% of GDP and 65% of the labor force, and faces huge risks.Agriculture is a major industry that accounts for nearly 20% of GDP and 65% of the labor force, all are at risk. Adaptation to climate change and its alleviation are the core issues of sustainable development and food security in Bangladesh.Bangladesh's agriculture relies heavily on the specific conditions of the annual floods because they recognize that large-scale floods that occur infrequently can have catastrophic effects.Climate change is expected to reduce the output of rice, Bangladesh’s main crop, and increase the country’s dependence on other crops and imported grains.On the whole, due to climate change, Bangladesh's agricultural GDP is expected to decline by 3.1% per year. These will not only affect the agricultural sector, but also the entire food chain, right down to household

Bangladesh on SDG 2 (Zero hunger )

Zero Hunger

Due to the COVID- 19 pandemic, poverty and extreme poverty are coming back to people lives , who had overcome themselves from the curse of poverty prior to this pandemic.

The reasons are , unemployment, laid off from work, being quarantined, lockdown and so on. People who live on poverty margins cannot buy food, forget about nutritious food. The government must play a pivotal role in this difficult period by providing food or guiding different groups to collect money to guarantee that nobody is hungry in this critical situation. To achieve this intricacy, we must strive sustainable agriculture.

Action against hunger

What should be done?

According to the World Bank, Bangladesh lose about 1% of its agricultural land annually. This leads to scarcity , as not all land is arable. The government and NGOs as well as the people should play a crucial to conquer hunger.

• To take full advantage of global economy, the government should impart social security benefits to the endangered population. This will improve the purchasing power of poorer and stimulating demand, creating vacancies and local economies. Investing in comprehensive development is not just moral but also economically healthy.
• One third of the 4 billion metric tons of food is produced annually, which costs the world economy of 750 billion dollars. The food is often wasted in rich nations, while food is lost in developing countries due to the lack of storage or incapacity of farmers to sell their crops .
• Everyone must have access to healthy foods. By building sustainable markets, we must initiate and invest in more sustainable procurement chains. Most of the farmers do not receive the best price when they sell their crops. Due to the lack of transport, they cannot sell the crops directly. Improvement of rural infrastructure, especially roads, storage facilities and electricity will allow the farmers reaching to a broader market.
• Rice, wheat, corn and soy currently represent 60% of the global calorie consumption. To tackle climate change, food supply and access, the government and NGOs should help farmers to investigate and produce new crops. The variety of crops can provide people with nutrients and an active lifestyle. To achieve this goal, the farmers must be educated in the cultivation of these products and provide them with the necessary tools and knowledge . Likewise, the public should be informed and educated about the nutritional benefits of various foods.
• Excellent health and nutrition are fundamental to the development of a child, especially for about two years. It needs to be ensured that small children and pregnant women get required nutrition to grow healthily.
• Most of the nations have conquered hunger by sustainable agriculture. Climate change is one of the most notable factors that contribute to famine. It relates the food production to the food availability; Since production decreases, the price of food increases; Therefore, poverty-stricken people can not buy it and the rate of hunger starts to get up. Climate-smart Agriculture can help in reducing hunger by reducing the carbon footprint of agricultural production. Climate-smart strategies and implementations help in reducing not only hunger but also poverty.
• Individuals may contribute in the fight against hunger, by changing their lifestyles – at home, at work, and in the community – by assisting local farmers or market places and adopting sustainable food choices.
• Awareness should be created to combat food waste by promoting and encouraging people for balanced eating.

External links

https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/03/29/bangladesh-s-serious-hidden-hunger-problem