 | |
 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Prolixin, Modecate, Moditen others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682172 |
| License data |
|
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | by mouth, IM, depot injection (fluphenazine decanoate) |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 2.7% (by mouth) |
| Metabolism | unclear[1] |
| Elimination half-life | IM 15 hours (HCL), 7-10 days (decanoate)[1] |
| Excretion | Urine, faeces |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H26F3N3OS |
| Molar mass | 437.53 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| |
| |
| (verify) | |
Fluphenazine, sold under the brand names Prolixin among others, is an antipsychotic medication.[1] It is used in the treatment of chronic psychoses such as schizophrenia,[1][3] and appears to be about equal in effectiveness to low-potency antipsychotics like chlorpromazine.[4] It is given by mouth, injection into a muscle, or just under the skin.[1] There is also a long acting injectable version that may last for up to four weeks.[1] Fluphenazine decanoate, the depot injection form of fluphenazine, should not be used by people with severe depression.[5]
Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, depression and increased weight.[1] Serious side effects may include neuroleptic malignant syndrome, low white blood cell levels, and the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia.[1] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia it may increase the risk of dying.[1] It may also increase prolactin levels which may result in milk production, enlarged breasts in males, impotence, and the absence of menstrual periods.[1] It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[1] Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class.[1] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear but believed to be related to its ability to block dopamine receptors.[1] In up to 40% of those on long term phenothiazines, liver function tests become mildly abnormal.[6]
Fluphenazine came into use in 1959.[7] The injectable form is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] It is available as a generic medication.[1] In the United States the tablets costs between $0.22 and $0.42 per day for a typical dose.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world of the long acting form is between US$0.20 and US$6.20 per injection as of 2014.[9] It was discontinued in Australia around mid 2017.[10]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "fluphenazine decanoate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved Dec 1, 2015.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ "Product Information: Modecate (Fluphenazine Decanoate Oily Injection )" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Bristol-Myers Squibb Australia Pty Ltd. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ Tardy M, Huhn M, Engel RR, Leucht S (August 2014). "Fluphenazine versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8): CD009230. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009230.pub2. PMID 25087165.
- ^ "Modecate Injection 25mg/ml - Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
- ^ "Fluphenazine". livertox.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
- ^ McPherson, Edwin M. (2007). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). Burlington: Elsevier. p. 1680. ISBN 9780815518563. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Fluphenazine Decanoate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
- ^ Rossi S, ed. (July 2017). "Fluphenazine - Australian Medicines Handbook". Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide, Australia: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.