| Distributive shock | |
|---|---|
| Other names | High space shock, warm shock, vasodilatory shock[1] |
| Video explanation of shock | |
| Symptoms | Confusion, fast heart rate, warm arms and legs, altered body temperature, low blood pressure[2] |
| Complications | Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome[2] |
| Causes | Sepsis, anaphylaxis, spinal injury, toxic shock syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, pancreatitis, overdoses of certain medications[1][2] |
| Diagnostic method | Normal or above normal output from the heart[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Other types of shock[2] |
| Treatment | Intravenous fluids, norepinephrine, epinephrine, antibiotics, hydrocortisone[2] |
Distributive shock is a type of shock in which small blood vessels do not regulate blood flow appropriately.[1] This results in not enough blood flow to body tissues.[2] Symptoms may include confusion, fast heart rate, warm arms and legs, altered body temperature, and low blood pressure.[2] Complications may include multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.[2]
The most common cause sepsis and anaphylaxis.[2] Other causes include spinal injury, known as neurogenic shock, toxic shock syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, pancreatitis, and overdoses of certain medications such as calcium channel blockers.[1][2] Distributive shock differs from the other three categories of shock in that there is normal or above normal output from the heart.[3]
Treatment often begins with intravenous fluids.[2] Other measure may include norepinephrine or epinephrine.[2] Other treatments depend on the underlying cause such as antibiotics or hydrocortisone.[2] Distributive shock makes up about 66% of cases of shock in the intensive care unit.[4] Death can occur in 20% to 80% of cases, depending on the cause.[2]
References edit
- ^ a b c d International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers (8 ed.). Pearson Education Limited. 2018. pp. 175, 177. ISBN 978-1292-17084-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Smith, N; Lopez, RA; Silberman, M (January 2020). "Distributive Shock". PMID 29261964.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Elbers, Paul W.G.; Ince, Can (19 July 2006). "Mechanisms of critical illness--classifying microcirculatory flow abnormalities in distributive shock". Critical Care. 10 (4): 221. doi:10.1186/cc4969. PMC 1750971. PMID 16879732.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ McEvoy, Matthew D.; Furse, Cory M. (2017). Advanced Perioperative Crisis Management. Oxford University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-19-022645-9. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-01-05.