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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | /ˌsɛftraɪˈæksoʊn/ |
| Trade names | Rocephin, Epicephin, Wintriaxone, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a685032 |
| License data |
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| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | Intravenous, intramuscular |
| Drug class | Antibiotic (3rd-generation cephalosporin) |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | n/a |
| Metabolism | Negligible |
| Elimination half-life | 5.8–8.7 hours |
| Excretion | 33–67% kidney, 35–45% biliary |
| Identifiers | |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C18H18N8O7S3 |
| Molar mass | 554.57 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Ceftriaxone, sold under the brand name Rocephin, is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.[2] These include middle ear infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and pelvic inflammatory disease.[2] It is also sometimes used before surgery and following a bite wound to try to prevent infection.[2] Ceftriaxone can be given by injection into a vein or into a muscle.[2]
Common side effects include pain at the site of injection and allergic reactions.[2] Other possible side effects include C. difficile associated diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, gall bladder disease, and seizures.[2] It is not recommended in those who have had anaphylaxis to penicillin but may be used in those who have had milder reactions.[2] The intravenous form should not be given with intravenous calcium.[2] There is tentative evidence that ceftriaxone is relatively safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.[1] It is a third-generation cephalosporin that works by preventing bacteria from making a cell wall.[2] It can cross the blood-brain barrier.[4]
Ceftriaxone was patented in 1978, and approved for medical use in 1982.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] It is available as a generic medication.[2] In the developing world the wholesale cost per one-gram vial is about US$0.20 to US$5.80 as of 2015.[7] In the United States a course of treatment is typically less than US$25.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 23 August 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Ceftriaxone Sodium Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2016-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
WHO2020DDDwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ritter, James M.; Flower, Rod; Henderson, Graeme; Loke, Yoon Kong; Rang, Humphrey P. (2020). "52. Antibacterial drugs". Rang & Dale's Pharmacology (9th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 665–666. ISBN 978-0-7020-7448-6. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 495. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Single Drug Information – International Medical Products Price Guide". Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ Facep, Hamilton (2013). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2014 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9781284053999. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.