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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | /kæpɪˈsaɪtəbiːn/ |
| Trade names | Xeloda, Xitabin, Kapetral, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a699003 |
| License data | |
| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth |
| Drug class | Chemotherapy agent |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Extensive |
| Protein binding | < 60% |
| Metabolism | liver, to 5'-DFCR, 5'-DFUR (inactive); neoplastic tissue, 5'-DFUR to active fluorouracil |
| Elimination half-life | 38–45 minutes |
| Excretion | Kidney (95.5%), faecal (2.6%) |
| Identifiers | |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C15H22FN3O6 |
| Molar mass | 359.354 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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| (verify) | |
Capecitabine, sold under the brand name Xeloda among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat breast cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer.[1] For breast cancer it is often used together with docetaxel.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2]
Common side effects include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and rashes.[2] Other severe side effects include blood clotting problems, allergic reactions, heart problems such as cardiomyopathy, and low blood cell counts.[2] It is not recommended in people with kidney problems.[2] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby.[2] Capecitabine, inside the body, is converted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) through which it acts.[2] It belongs to the class of medications known as fluoropyrimidines, which also includes 5-fluorouracil and tegafur.[4]
Capecitabine was patented in 1992 and approved for medical use in 1998.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$122.64–195.66 per cycle of medication.[7] In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about £210.67 per cycle.[1] In the United States it costs about $1,892.00 as of 2016.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 585, 588. ISBN 9780857111562.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Capecitabine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
whowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Caudle KE, Thorn CF, Klein TE, Swen JJ, McLeod HL, Diasio RB, Schwab M (December 2013). "Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase genotype and fluoropyrimidine dosing". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 94 (6): 640–5. doi:10.1038/clpt.2013.172. PMC 3831181. PMID 23988873.
- ^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 511. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2020-12-06. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Capecitabine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "NADAC as of 2016-12-07 | Data.Medicaid.gov". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2016.