| Balanitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Balanoposthitis |
| File:Inflammation of the glans penis and the preputial mucosa.jpg | |
| Inflammation of the glans penis and the preputial mucosa of a circumcised penis (balanitis) | |
| Specialty | Urology |
| Symptoms | Redness, pain, discharge, itchiness, white patches[1] |
| Complications | Phimosis[1] |
| Causes | Infectious: Yeast, bacteria, viruses, trichomonas[1] Inflammation: Eczema, allergic reactions, lichen planus, psoriasis[1] Pre-cancerous: Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat[1] |
| Risk factors | Uncircumcised, poor hygiene, diabetes, over cleaning[1][2] |
| Diagnostic method | Microbial culture, tissue biopsy[1] |
| Treatment | Foreskin retraction, washing the area[1] |
| Medication | Antifungal cream, antibiotics, steroid creams[1] |
| Prognosis | Usually good[3] |
| Frequency | 3 to 11% (males at some point)[4] |
Balanitis is inflammation of the head of the penis (glans).[1] It typically occurs together with inflammation of the foreskin (posthitis), which is called balanoposthitis.[1] Symptoms may include redness, pain, discharge, itchiness, or white patches.[1] Complication may include phimosis.[1]
Groups of causes include infectious (yeast, bacteria, viruses, trichomonas), inflammatory conditions (eczema, allergic reactions, lichen planus, psoriasis), and pre-cancerous conditions (Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat).[1] Risk factors include being uncircumcised, poor hygiene, diabetes, or over cleaning.[1][2] Diagnosis may be based on microbial culture or other testing and occasionally tissue biopsy.[1]
General management involves keeping the foreskin retracted and washing the area.[1] Dilute vinegar (acetic acid 1%) may help.[2] Based on the specific cause antifungal cream (such as clotrimazole), antibiotics, steroid creams, or surgery.[1] Outcomes are usually good.[3] Between 3 and 11% of males are affected at some point in time.[4]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Edwards, SK; Bunker, CB; Ziller, F; van der Meijden, WI (August 2014). "2013 European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis". International Journal of STD & AIDS. 25 (9): 615–26. doi:10.1177/0956462414533099. PMID 24828553. S2CID 127341.
- ^ a b c "Balanitis | DermNet NZ". dermnetnz.org. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ a b "Balanitis". Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ a b Wray, AA; Velasquez, J; Khetarpal, S (January 2022). "Balanitis". PMID 30725828.
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