| Muir and Shepherd | |
|---|---|
| Practice information | |
| Key architects | Muir and Shepherd |
| Partners | Muir , Shepherd |
| Founded | 1947 |
| Location | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Significant works and honors | |
| Buildings | Waller Estate, Ballarat Henderson Residence, Ballarat |
| Design | Fraser Residence, Balwyn North |
Muir and Shepherd was an Australian architectural practice established in 1947 by John Muir and Arthur Shepherd with offices in both Ballarat and Melbourne [1]. Their projects were predominantly residential buildings. Non-residential work included churches, a funeral parlour and commercial tenancy fitouts [2]. Muir and Shepherd are one of the lesser-known post-war modern Victorian architectural firms.
Pre-practice
editJohn Muir began practicing architecture in his hometown of Ballarat in 1933. Following this he moved to Melbourne and joined the notable modernist practice of Stephenson & Turner where he was to become a senior draftsman by the 1940’s [3]. Stephenson & Turner’s health buildings of the 1930’s have been noted as creating the ‘foundations for Australian functionalist modernism’.[4] (Willis, p.9) While with the practice Muir was to work on health buildings such as the ‘perfectly styled’, Maternal and Infant Welfare Pathological Block (1939) at The Royal Women’s hospital and the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Building (1939) at the Royal Melbourne Hospital [5]. Both Muir and Shepherd were to work for this firm, and is no doubt where the pair honed their modern design approaches.
During World War II it is assumed that Muir continued working for Stephenson & Turner, while Shepherd went to war. Arthur Shepherd enlisted with the Australian Army (Royal Australian Engineers) in May 1943 and was discharged in May 1946.[6] In 1945, Muir began preliminary work on a major Ballarat housing development: the Waller Estate. The practice of Muir and Shepherd was subsequently established in 1947.
Practice
editMuir and Shepherd practiced from offices in both Melbourne and Ballarat. They were to remain a small architectural practice throughout. Early employees included Ted Gillies, Richard Allen and James Earle. The later was to become a well-known Melbourne architect. During its first decade the firm produced predominantly residential work. These projects were to feature in popular housing journals, which highlighted the modern approaches that an architectural firm such as this was able to bring their clients. Later the firm was to also produce non-residential works that included a funeral parlour for WG Apps & Sons, several Methodist churches. Tenancy fit outs were also designed for Chadstone Shopping Centre in 1960. The architectural firm of Muir and Shepherd ceased in 1980. [7]
Residential designs
editWaller Estate, Ballarat
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John Muir was to bring this important project to the newly formed practice.[8] Work on the Waller Estate was to last for over a decade, with their Ballarat office servicing the development of this ongoing project. Australia experienced severe housing shortages after World War II. Private housing developments were to become common at this time, and were to profoundly change the pattern of Australian residential development. The Waller Estate is said to represent the first and most intact example of housing development built by a private consortium in Ballarat. John Muir and the practice of Muir and Shepherd are attributed to the design of the majority of the houses built by the Waller syndicate within this estate.[9] To create architectural diversity throughout the development Muir was commissioned to design a variety of domestic types. It has been noted that in a number of the firms designs that although the front elevations were similar, the plans differed. Described as post-war suburban, most of these houses were brick veneer in construction with terracotta roof tiles with small front porches and windows that wrap around corners. This estate was developed by the Waller consortium until 1961.[9]
Throughout the 1950’s both professional and popular journals promoted breaking from traditional housing designs and interior schemes and moving toward a modern style. A few of Muir and Shepherds residential works featured in popular Australian housing journals of the 1950’s as follows. Trends observed through these journals include: the progression of the firm’s designs towards a more modern style, more open-plan designs, more in-built furniture and fittings.
Henderson residence, Ballarat
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This Ballarat residence is described as, ‘contemporary in feeling without any particularly bold features… well adapted for modern living’.[10] The Henderson’s appear to have valued the role of an architect in the design of their house. This single storey brick residence was orientated on a narrow block for winter solar access. The front façade contains a window that wraps around the corner, and the slight angle of the plan begins to reveal the main entrance through the terrace. The gallery/sun-room that faces the terrace forms the hub of the house. The interior colours are stated to be soft pastels, however the journal speaks of the owners’ desire to experiment with bolder colours.[10]
Jacobson residence, Brighton
editThis Brighton residence has a very similar plan to the earlier Henderson residence with a central terrace, entrance and sunroom. Designed for an average-sized allotment this house was described as possessing a ‘remarkable degree of comfort, spaciousness and beauty’ with garden spaces for outdoor living.[11] In this residence Muir and Shepherd used a change in level to differentiate between lounge and dining spaces. The transition between outside and inside was also more expressed. This design included considerably more built-in furniture and fittings than the previous residence.
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Fraser Residence, Balwyn North
editThis residence was described as a ‘modified contemporary home… which combines the good ideas in modern architecture with the softer finish of the traditional’.[12] The overall form reflects the past colonial Australian homestead with gabled roof and long, broad and low verandas. This dwelling also presents a central entry into the key living spaces and a sunroom. The north façade that faces the street is completely glazed with floor to ceiling sliding glass panels that overlook the stone terrace from the living room. The plan is modern in form with living spaces moving toward an open plan style, and more built in furniture.
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Non-residential designs
editFuneral Parlour for WG Apps & Sons, St Kilda
editThis building is one of the most significant of non-residential buildings produced by Muir and Shepherd and the first purpose built post-war funeral building in Victoria. It is minimalist in form made from cream brick with simple white pilotis. [13]
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Selected Projects
edit- 1945-60 Waller Estate, Ballarat
- 1950 Henderson Residence, Ballarat
- 1953 Jacobson Residence “Kentucky”, Brighton
- 1953-54 Funeral Parlour for WG Apps & Sons, St Kilda
- 1956 Fraser Residence, Balwyn North
References
edit- ^ “New architectural firm”. (September 4, 1947).The Argus, p.16.
- ^ Built Heritage Pty Ltd, "Muir and Shepherd", Dictionary of Unsung Architects, www.builtheritage.com.au.
- ^ Built Heritage Pty Ltd, "Muir and Shepherd", Dictionary of Unsung Architects, www.builtheritage.com.au.
- ^ Willis, Julie (2004). “The Health of Modernism”. In P. Goad, R. Wilkin & J. Willis, Australian Modern: The Architecture of Stephenson & Turner, pp.9-30. Melbourne, Australia: The Miegunyah Press.
- ^ Willis, Julie (2004). “The Health of Modernism”. In P. Goad, R. Wilkin & J. Willis, Australian Modern: The Architecture of Stephenson & Turner, pp.9-30. Melbourne, Australia: The Miegunyah Press.
- ^ Commonwealth of Australia (2002). Service Record: Shepherd, Arthur Redmond. Retrieved 24 April 2014 from: http://www.ww2roll.gov.au/Veteran.aspx?ServiceId=A&VeteranId=273756.
- ^ Built Heritage Pty Ltd, "Muir and Shepherd", Dictionary of Unsung Architects, www.builtheritage.com.au.
- ^ "Muir and Shepherd". Dictionary of Unsung Architects. Built Heritage Pty Ltd. n.d.
- ^ a b City of Ballarat Heritage Study (Stage 2): Heritage Precincts. City of Ballarat. 2003.
- ^ a b Blanks, Harvey (1954). "They Wanted "Something Different"". The Australian Home Beautiful. 33 (3): 24–25.
- ^ Somers, Alma (1953). "The Small House that has Everything". Australian House and Garden. 9 (6): 20–21, 72, 74.
- ^ Somers, Alma (1957). "There's a "Homestead" look about this Melbourne modern". Australian House and Garden. 17 (3): 25, 86.
- ^ Built Heritage Pty Ltd, "Muir and Shepherd", Dictionary of Unsung Architects, www.builtheritage.com.au.
Category:Australian architects Category:1947 Category:Ballarat Category:Melbourne architects