Chengdu living-water garden
edit
Chengdu living water park is first comprehensive environmental education garde in China that consolidates water and plants together. The park was designed by the American environmental artist Betsy Damon and the Philadelphia landscape architect Margie Ruddick[1]. It was worked in 1998 and considering as one of the great instances of water treatment in Chinese parks. The park is situated in the east of Chengdu, between Funan stream and Huaxing street. The entire garden is 525m long and 75m wide, which is covering a zone of 24,000m2 with greening territories of 17,000m2[2]. The tremendous water treatment framework in the park has improved the water quality of Funan waterway, additionally the park outlies to publics that the normal procedure of cleaning water from contamination to clear. Every day, about 200 cubic meters of water has been siphoned out of the Funan stream and came back to the waterway for expelled microscopic organisms and substantial metals inside the contamination waterway.
To ensure protection of the urban ecological environment and alleviate the deterioration of urban water resources, China has propelled another urban development program - Sponge city. The main reason for the construction of Chengdu living-water park is to cater to the construction of sponge city.The function of the park is like a sponge in the city, which is resilient to natural disasters caused by the environment and rainfall[3]. The park should be able to absorb, store, seep and purify water when it rains in the city. The system also supports the release and use of stored water when necessary to allow rainwater to flow freely through the city[4].
The layout of Chengdu livig water park
edit
The living water park in Chengdu firmly joins the water treatment strategy and the artwork together. Notwithstanding the capacity of cleansing sewage, it is fully with creative mind and imaginative sense for the scene methods for sanitizing process. The whole park is molded like a fish, proposing the interdependence relationship of people, water and nature[5]. The funtional centre of the park is starting from fish mouth part, where was built with stone, and enormous number of geraniums, lindera megaphylla and different plants were planted. Water from Funan waterway is siphoned into a fish-eye liked fountains supply by two waterwheels. The waterway keeps on streaming into the 'fish lungs' represented by the few sculptures[6]. The fish scale-formed like wetland system is the most significant component of the absorption, filtration and degradation of pollutant in the water. The fish midsection is comprised of numbers of small fishponds, bamboo and creeks to additionally filter the water. The decontaminated water flows direct to the fishtail which is located the end of park. Also, this is the last step of filtration part. At the end, Funan waterway sewage and urban sewage after series of of refinement procedure and flow back to Funan stream.
Core funtional part
editThe core of the park is the artificial wetland system, which is divided into three parts: the water pretreatment system, the artificial wetland plant pond treatment system and the artificial wetland water outlet system[7]. The three systems work together to form a purification system for the river and sewage. Water pretreatment system, the primary source of water in the park comes from the nearby Funan river. The water first needs to enter the anaerobic tank for precipitation and preliminary filtration. Sewage first flows into an anaerobic precipitation ecosystem, where suspended matter and organic pollutants are highest in there. The main biotic communities are anaerobic and microaerobic organisms. Precipitation can remove most suspended matter, and microorganisms can decompose most organic pollutants into low-molecular compounds that are conducive to plant absorption[8]. The processes are creating favorable conditions for the next operation steps which is plant pond treatment system. The water flows out of the anaerobic pool and flows into the wetland pond treatment system through the open water sculpture. There are 12 plant beds and 6 plant ponds are set in this area to make sure full use of plant adsorption capacity to deal with pollutants in water. This area is the core of sewage treatment[9][10]. In this case, sewage becomes the water and nutrients necessary to maintain the normal growth of this diverse community, while satisfy promoting plant growth and purifying itself at the same time. Water quality can be significantly improved through this part[11][12]. Good plant landscape matching makes this part becomes the best landscape viewing area. All the plants in the pond are aquatic plants with both sewage treatment capacity and ornamental value, including emergent plants, floating plants, floating plants and submerged plants. The water flows to fishponds after purified by wetland plants. The fish culture pond mainly raises ornamental fish and aquatic plants, and most ornamental fish feed on algae and microorganisms[13]. Fish feces are considered as organic pollutants that can promote algae growth. Water can get further purified by fish feeding, sand and gravel filtering. Artificial wetland water outlet application system provides a place allows the purified water goes back to Funan river. Some parts of purified water have been used for water-playing park that makes visitors to get close to the application. At present, the daily sewage treatment capacity of running water park is 300 tons, which is one of the ‘green lungs’ of the whole Chengdu city[14].
- ^ "Living Water Garden". Keepers of the Waters. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
- ^ Peschardt, Karin Kragsig; Stigsdotter, Ulrika Karlsson (2013-04). "Associations between park characteristics and perceived restorativeness of small public urban green spaces". Landscape and Urban Planning. 112: 26–39. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.12.013. ISSN 0169-2046.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Peschardt, Karin Kragsig; Stigsdotter, Ulrika Karlsson (2013-04). "Associations between park characteristics and perceived restorativeness of small public urban green spaces". Landscape and Urban Planning. 112: 26–39. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.12.013. ISSN 0169-2046.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Chengdu Plans to Become "Sponge City"". www.gochengdu.cn. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
- ^ Pickett, S. T. A.; Cadenasso, M. L. (1995-07-21). "Landscape Ecology: Spatial Heterogeneity in Ecological Systems". Science. 269 (5222): 331–334. doi:10.1126/science.269.5222.331. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ "China's Living Water Garden". Yes! Magazine. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
- ^ Arber, Agnes (2009). Water Plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-70067-5.
- ^ "Wellness Goods :: The Living Water Garden". www.wellnessgoods.com. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ Havens, Karl E. (2005-04-15), "Submerged Aquatic Plants Affect Water Quality in Lakes", Water Encyclopedia, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN 0-471-47844-X, retrieved 2020-03-31
- ^ Nguyen, L. (2001-12-01). "Accumulation of organic matter fractions in a gravel-bed constructed wetland". Water Science and Technology. 44 (11–12): 281–287. doi:10.2166/wst.2001.0841. ISSN 0273-1223.
- ^ Buffin, Michael; Upson, Tim, "Plant diversity", The Fundamentals of Horticulture, Cambridge University Press, pp. 2–23, ISBN 978-1-139-19415-0, retrieved 2020-03-31
- ^ Hassan, A.; Qi bing, Chen; Tao, Jiang (2019-09-05). "Brainwave measurements for lay activities with real and artificial ornamental plants". European Journal of Horticultural Science. 84 (4): 199–205. doi:10.17660/ejhs.2019/84.4.1. ISSN 1611-4426.
- ^ Rinaudo, Jean Daniel; Garin, Patrice (2005-06-01). "The benefits of combining lay and expert input for water-management planning at the watershed level". Water Policy. 7 (3): 279–293. doi:10.2166/wp.2005.0018. ISSN 1366-7017.
- ^ Zeng, Z.; Li, B. (2010-03-26). "The analysis and design of urban wetland: the Water Garden in Portland and Living Water Park in Chengdu as case studies". Eco-Architecture III. Southampton, UK: WIT Press. doi:10.2495/arc100181. ISBN 978-1-84564-430-7.