Salzburg Festival: history and repertoire, 1935–37

This is a list of the operas performed by Salzburg Festival during the first years of the festival after its foundation (1922 and 1925–1934). This period was initiated with Richard Strauss as conductor, with the Vienna Philharmonic and with the best Mozarts singers from all over the world. This period defined the high standard of the Salzburg Festival and led to the engagement of Arturo Toscanini, renowned conducter from Italy, who – together with Bruno Walter – defined the programme of the festival in following period (1935-1937).

Aim of the festival

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The period 1935 to 1937 was extremely successful for the Salzburg Festival. The percentage of tickets sold rose from 53% in 1934 to 89% in 1937. Each year during this period of the Salzburg Festival, Arturo Toscanini presented one new production of an opera suitable to the Salzburg atmosphere. He insisted on major fundings and on the best available singers. In 1935 he presented Giuseppe Verdis last opera, Falstaff, performed for the first time at the Salzburg Festival. His choice of Wagners Meistersinger von Nürnberg in 1936 was seen as an act of opposition to the Bayreuth Festival, insisting that this opera belongs to the cultural heritage of the world and not to Nazi Germany. His last Salzburg premiere was dedicated to the genius loci, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and his masterpiece Die Zauberflöte. Another political statement of Toscanini was that each year he conducted Beethoven's freedom opera Fidelio, a masterpiece against tyranny.[1]

Meanwhile, Bruno Walter, who was the only conductor fully accepted by Toscanini, concentrated himself on majors works of Mozart, presented a highly acclaimed production of Glucks Orfeo ed Euridice and expanded the Salzburg repertory by adding rarely performed operas like Wolfs Der Corregidor and Webers Euryanthe. He too insisted on conducting Wagner in Salzburg – Tristan und Isolde with a splendid cast led by Anny Konetzni and Josef Kalenberg.[2]

1922

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Orchestra and Choir
Conductor
Director
Settings and Costumes
Female Roles Male Roles
Don Juan by Lorenzo Da Ponte and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, August 14, 18, 22, 23 and 26
Vienna Philharmonic
Choir of Vienna State Opera
Richard Strauss, Carl Alwin (26th)
Hans Breuer
Alfred Roller Settings
Claire Born, Felicie Hüni-Mihacsek Donna Elvira
Gertrud Kappel, Rose Pauly Donna Anna
Lotte Schöne, Editha Fleischer Zerline
Alfred Jerger, Hans Duhan Don Giovanni
Richard Mayr, Karl Norbert Leporello
Franz Markhoff Komtur
Richard Tauber, Georg Maikl Don Ottavio
Viktor Madin, Julius Betetto Masetto
Così fan tutte by Lorenzo Da Ponte and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, August 15, 19 and 27
Vienna Philharmonic
Choir of Vienna State Opera
Richard Strauss, Carl Alwin (27th)
Hans Breuer
Alfred Roller Settings
Felicie Hüni-Mihacsek Fiordiligi
Rosette Anday, Claire Born Dorabella
Elisabeth Schumann, Charlotte Brunner Zerline
Hermann Wiedemann Guglielmo
Fritz Krauß Ferrando
Josef von Manowarda, Karl Norbert Don Alfonso
Le nozze di Figaro by Lorenzo Da Ponte and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, August 16, 20, 24 and 28
Vienna Philharmonic
Choir of Vienna State Opera
Franz Schalk
Harry Stangenberg, Hans Breuer
Alfred Roller Settings
Elisabeth Rethberg, Claire Born, Felicie Hüni-Mihacsek Contessa d'Almaviva
Elisabeth Schumann, Editha Fleischer Susanna
Hermine Kittel Marcellina
Lotte Schöne, Rosette Anday Cherubino
Paula von Hentke, Karola Jovanović Barbarina
Hans Duhan Conte d'Almaviva
Alfred Jerger, Richard Mayr Figaro
Hans Breuer, Paul Kuhn Basilio
Julius Betetto, Karl Norbert Bartolo
Viktor Madin Antonio
Hermann Gallos Don Curzio
Die Entführung aus dem Serail by Johann Gottlieb Stephanie and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, August 17, 21, 25 and 29
Vienna Philharmonic
Choir of Vienna State Opera
Franz Schalk
Hans Breuer
Alfred Roller Settings
Selma Kurz, Elisabeth Rethberg Konstanze
Elisabeth Schumann, Karola Jovanović Blondchen
Gerhard Stehmann Bassa Selim
Richard Tauber, Georg Maikl Belmonte
Hermann Gallos Pedrillo
Nikola Zec Osmin

1925

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Orfeo ed Euridice by Ranieri de' Calzabigi and Christoph Willibald Gluck, August 1 and 17
Vienna Philharmonic
Choir of Vienna State Opera
Bruno Walter
Margarete Wallmann
Robert Kautsky, Ladislaus Czettel
Kerstin Thorborg Orfeo
Jarmila Novotna Euridice
Margit Bokor Amor
Dora Komarek Seliger Geist
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by Richard Wagner, August 8, 14, 18 and 22
Vienna Philharmonic
Choir of Vienna State Opera
Arturo Toscanini
Herbert Graf
Robert Kautsky, Willi Bahner
Lotte Lehmann Eva
Kerstin Thorborg Magdalena
Hans Hermann Nissen Hans Sachs
Herbert Alsen Veit Pogner
Georg Maikl Kunz Vogelsang
Rolf Telasko Konrad Nachtigall
Hermann Wiedemann Sixtus Beckmesser
Viktor Madin Fritz Kothner
Anton Dermota Balthasar Zorn
Eduard Fritsch Ulrich Eißlinger
Hermann Gallos Augustin Moser
Alfred Muzzarelli Hermann Ortel
Carl Bissuti Hans Schwarz/Ein Nachtwächter
Karl Ettl Hans Foltz
Charles Kullmann Walther von Stolzing
Richard Sallaba David
Wolf Daucha, Marie Eder, Ludwig Fleck,
Josef Fruchter, Lucy Haupt, Martha Karl,
Marie Langhans, Erich Majkut, Matthias Oswald,
Hans Rosenberg, Oskar Schweiberer, Otto Zuzan Lehrbuben
Der Corregidor by Rosa Mayreder and Hugo Wolf, August 11 and 21
Vienna Philharmonic
Choir of Vienna State Opera
Bruno Walter
Lothar Wallerstein
Robert Kautsky, Ladislaus Czettel
Kerstin Thorborg Donna Mercedes
Jarmila Novotna Frasquita, Gattin des Müllers
Polly Batic Duenna, im Dienste des Corregidors
Bella Paalen Manuela, Magd bei Juan Lopez
Gunnar Graarud Don Eugenio de Zuniga, Corregidor
Carl Bissuti Juan Lopez, Alkalde
William Wernigk Pedro, dessen Sekretär
Nicola Zec Tonuelo, Gerichtsbote
Ludwig Hofmann Repela, Diener des Corregidors
Alfred Jerger Tio Lukas, Müller
Hermann Gallos Ein Nachbar
Alfred Muzzarelli Ein Nachtwächter

1937

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Die Zauberflöte by Emanuel Schikaneder and Wolfgang, July 30, August 7, 16 and 31
Vienna Philharmonic
Choir of Vienna State Opera
Arturo Toscanini
Herbert Graf
Hans Wildermann Settings
Júlia Osváth Königin der Nacht
Jarmila Novotna Pamina
Hilde Konetzni Erste Dame
Stefania Fratnik Zweite Dame
Kerstin Thorborg Dritte Dame
Dora Komarek Papagena
Alexander Kipnis Sarastro
Helge Roswaenge Tamino
Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender Papageno
Alfred Jerger Sprecher
Richard Sallaba Priester
William Wernigk Monostatos
Anton Dermota, Carl Bissuti Zwei Geharnischte
Kurt Pech, Albert Feuhl, Fritz Mascha Drei Knaben
Hugo Lindinger, Harry Horner, Eduard Fritsch Drei Sklaven
Euryanthe by Helmina von Chézy and Carl Maria von Weber, August 18 and 25
Vienna Philharmonic
Choir of Vienna State Opera
Bruno Walter
Lothar Wallerstein
Clemens Holzmeister, Marielouise Luksch
Margarete Wallmann, Willy Fränzl Choreography
Maria Reining Euryanthe von Svoyen
Kerstin Thorborg Eglantine von Puiset
Dora Komarek Bertha
Herbert Alsen König Ludwig VI
Karl Friedrich Adolar, Graf von Nevers
Alexander Svéd Lysiart, Graf von Forest
Eduard Fritsch Rudolf, ein Lehensmann

Repertory

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In addition to the new productions the following works from the repertory were performed at the Salzburg Festival.

1935

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1936

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1937

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Sources

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  • Kaut, Josef (1982). Die Salzburger Festspiele 1920-1981, Mit einem Verzeichnis der aufgeführten Werke und der Künstler des Theaters und der Musik von Hans Jaklitsch. Salzburg: Residenz Verlag. ISBN 3-7017-0308-6.

References

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  1. ^ Stephen Gallup: Die Geschichte der Salzburger Festspiele, Vienna: Orac 1989, ISBN 3-7015-0164-5, p. 124–154 (Chapter: Der glorreiche Toscanini).
  2. ^ Robert Kriechbaumer: Zwischen Österreich und Großdeutschland. Eine politische Geschichte der Salzburger Festspiele 1933–1944. Vienna: Böhlau 2013, ISBN 978-3-205-78941-3, Herein esp. p. 77–79, 125–136, 142–144, 257–262.


History and repertoire, 1935–37, Salzburg Festival Category:Opera-related lists Category:1922 music festivals Category:1925 music festivals Category:1926 music festivals


Recordings

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Audio CD

|2005 |Poznań Philharmonic |Puccini:
Si, mi chiamano MimiLa bohème (Mimi)
Donde lieta usci al tuo grida d’amoreLa bohème (Mimi)
Un bel di, vedremoMadama Butterfly (Butterfly)
Tu…Piccolo OddioMadama Butterfly (Butterfly)
Signore ascoltaTurandot (Liu)
Tu che di gel sei cintaTurandot (Liu)
Vissi d’arteTosca (Tosca)
O moi babbino caroGianni Schicchi (Lauretta)
Verdi:
Pace moi DioLa forza del destino (Leonora)
Era piu calmo?… Emilia, te ne prego… Piangea cantando… Ave MariaOtello (Desdemona) |Joanna Kozlowska |CD Accord ACD 135-2

DVD


Discography

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Rollen Teatro Carlo Felice
30. Mai 1865
Teatro alla Scala
12. Februar 1871
Opera Southwest
12. Februar 2014
Bregenzer Festspiele
20. Juli 2016
Amleto (Hamlet) Mario Tiberini Mario Tiberini Alex Richardson Pavel Černoch
Ofelia (Ophelia) Angiolina Ortolani-Tiberini Virginia Pozzi-Branzati Abla Lynn Hamza Iulia Maria Dan
Geltrude (Gertrude) Elena Corani Marietta Bulli-Paoli Caroline Worra Dshamilja Kaiser
Claudio (Claudius) Antonio Cotogni Zenone Bertolasi Shannon DeVine Claudio Sgura
Lo Spettro (Der Geist) Eraclito Bagagiolo Ormondo Maini Jeffrey Beruan Gianluca Buratto
Laerte (Laertes) Napoleone Sinigaglia Luigi Manfredi Javier Gonzalez Paul Schweinester
Polonio (Polonius) Cesare Sonino Angelo De Giuli Matthew Curran Eduard Tsanga
Orazio (Horatio) Antonio Furlani Augusto Gabrielli Joseph Hubbard Sébastien Soulès
Marcello (Marcellus) Alessandro Romanelli Fausto Mola Paul Bower Bartosz Urbanowicz
Un Sacerdote (Priester) Angelo De Giuli Gianluca Buratto
Un Araldo (Herold) Angelo Rocca [1] Jonathan Winell
Il Re Gonzaga (König Gonzaga), Schauspieler Napoleone Sinigaglia Luigi Manfredi Jonathan Winell
La Regina (Königin), Schauspielerin Angelina Borotti Ferdinanda Cappelli Sabine Winter
Luciano, Schauspieler Alessandro Romanelli Fausto Mola Yasushi Hirano
Primo Becchino (Erster Totengräber) Eraclito Bagagiolo Fausto Mola Matthew Curran Yasushi Hirano
Secondo Becchino (Zweiter Totengräber)
Leading Team
Dirigent Angelo Mariani Franco Faccio Anthony Barrese Paolo Carignani
Regie David Bartholomew Olivier Tambosi
Bühnenbild Cathy Wong Frank Philipp Schlößmann
Kostüme Gesine Völlm
  1. ^ In der Fassung von 1871 wurde die zweite Szene des 4. Akts gestrichen und somit auch diese Rolle.