User:Mardus/Sandbox

Variants of Samsung Galaxy 7xxx series

Moved to Comparison of Samsung Galaxy Trend phones user page.

Formatting

Small-formatted letter c might inhibit legibility

Abstract

The following are examples of small text from my user page formatted with <small>. The small text is presented in Windows xp and SeaMonkey 1.1, and by default is formatted thus: font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.86667 px; letter-spacing: normal (at 0em); and font smoothing is turned on.

The crux of the matter is that with these conditions, in all small-case-lettered words that contain the letter 'c', the letters that follow adjoin to the letter 'c', i.e. the character 'c' and the character next to it connect, and as such might inhibit the legibility of text that is small already.

Examples

No letter-spacing applied:
Vista-visual-styles-comparison.png 2014-06-27 00:15:36 edition — For this version of the file I replaced the background from heavy contrast checkerboards to lattice steel pylons, so as to better exemplify translucensies used in Windows Vista. The edit was soon reverted to the checkerboard version, and the checkerboards themselves were updated to lighter gray to allow "less contrast". By 18.10.2014 all the older thumbnails were deleted. Current version here.

Letter-spacing applied to each word containing the lower-case 'c':
Vista-visual-styles-comparison.png 2014-06-27 00:15:36 edition — For this version of the file I replaced the background from heavy contrast checkerboards to lattice steel pylons, so as to better exemplify translucensies used in Windows Vista. The edit was soon reverted to the checkerboard version, and the checkerboards themselves were updated to lighter gray to allow "less contrast". By 18.10.2014 all the older thumbnails were deleted. Current version here.

The above solution was to apply letter-spacing to each word with the letter 'c' at 0.04em or above, but strangely enough, some c-some-other-letter combinations seem to require different letter-spacing values, as seen in this pre-formatted table:

0.04 em: ce(1)             ck(1)
0.05 em: ce(2)	     c'(1) 	co(2)
0.06 em:       ch(1) ci(1)
0.07 em:       ch(3)       ck(3)
0.08 em: 			co(1)
0.1  em:			co(1)

Interim conclusion from the above breakdown

Combinations with:

• 'ce' vary and require 0.04 or 0.05 em, leaning towards 0.05em (with a 2:1 ratio);
• 'ch' vary and require 0.06 or 0.07 em, leaning towards 0.07em (with a 3:1 ratio);
• 'ck' vary and require between 0.04–0.07em, strongly leaning towards 0.07em (3:1);
• 'co' vary the most, can require 0.05em, but strongly leans towards 0.08 and 0.1em (1,1:2);
• c' and 'ci' have both one instance, therefore the result is inconclusive.

Note that even if this example has one set of letter-spacings applied to each word, then the main user page with above formatted text has another set. Go figure...

Conclusion

To improve legibility, small-formatted text sometimes may require expanded letter-spacing just to make sure that some of the characters are separated from one another. This could apply to Wikipedia and Wikimedia sites that use the Latin script and projects with languages that extensively use the letter 'c' (English, French, numerous others).

Whereas those that don't use the letter 'c' at all, such as Estonian- and Finnish-language projects, won't need to use expanded letter spacing for small-formatted text.

Caveats

1. This issue typically applies to Wikipedia's MonoBook skin (aka theme or visual style), but is not limited to Vector. Statistics as to skin preference are availabe: As of July 2013, 77.14% of accounts throughout Wikimedia used the Vector skin, and 20.49% used the MonoBook skin. Note that the Vector skin was applied automatically, and the MonoBook skin was then consciously turned on by users who preferred that. Power users prefer the MonoBook skin at 63.62% vs 28.46% those who keep the Vector skin. And visitors are offered the Vector skin, which by default has larger text formatting for most things. (This page in vector skin)
2. In operating systems newer than Windows XP (Windows Vista, 7, and 8), small-formatted text may actually be in a different font and displayed with updated font rendering, which better separates the letter 'c' from characters that follow it; In different operating systems, such as OS X, Linux, and Android, the fonts are completely different, along with font rendering that complements their display.
3. Moreover, the latest version of SeaMonkey and Firefox use newer ways to render fonts.

Todo

Find an extensive example text with lots of c-and-other-character combinations, apply formatting to one copy of it, create a breakdown of instances as to the amount of letter spacing applied, and then also make screenshots of examples as shown by different browsers.

Characters

Multiplication sign

UTF-8, as typed	×
×	×
×	×
×	×

Lynx in Windows

HTML	Windows Lynx VIM FixedSys	Windows Lynx VIM Lucida Console	Windows Lynx VIM (set enc & fenc) Lucida Console
Õ õ	ı §	ı §	Õõ
Ä ä	─ õ	─ õ	Ää
Ö ö	Í ÷	Í ÷	Öö
Ü ü	▄ ³	▄ ³	Ü ü
			Š š
			Ž ž

Knoppix

Knoppix 5.0.1 includes Mozilla Firefox 1.5.0.3 (Gecko 1.8.0.3/20060326), and does not yet include NoScript.

Editing with Lynx

Fukushima I Nuclear Accident

Spraying water into spent fuel pools with water cannon and fire engines: Riot police, military and firemen working in shifts to reduce radiation exposure used water cannons and fire engines to spray water onto the roofs and into the spent fuel pools of reactor unit Number 3 although it is unclear if any water reached the spent fuel pool. Officials considered spraying water onto the roof of unit Number 4 also.

Cell #2

Cell #3

St Andrews University reference

2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks

A St Andrews University professor quoted by The Telegraph argues that "Al-Qaeda set the blueprint for terrorist operations and now we see different people, different groups in different parts of the world, copying it."

Firefox release history

Operating system		Latest version	Support Status
Linux kernel 2.2.14 and newer (with some libraries)		8.0	2004–present
Mac OS X	10.0 - 10.1	1.0.8	2004–2006
	10.2 - 10.3	2.0.0.20	2004–2008
	10.4 - 10.5 (PPC)	3.6.24	2005–present
	10.5 (Intel) - 10.7	8.0	2007–present
Microsoft Windows	95	1.5.0.12	2004–2007
	NT 4 / 98 / ME	2.0.0.20	2004–2008
	2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista / 2008 / 7 / 2008R2	8.0	2004–present
OS/2 and eComStation		6.0.2	Unofficial
Sun Java Desktop System		1.0.4	Unofficial
Solaris (x86 & SPARC)	8 - 9	2.0.0.20	Unofficial
Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris (x86 & SPARC)		8.0	Unofficial

User:Mardus/Template:FF release history sandbox serves as a testbed basis for Template:Firefox release compatibility.

The Mozilla Firefox project was created by Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project. Firefox 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004. Firefox 1.5 was released on November 29, 2005. Version 2.0 was released on October 24, 2006. Firefox 3.0 was released on June 17, 2008, with Version 3.5 and Version 3.6 released on June 30, 2009 and January 21, 2010 respectively. Version 4.0 was released on March 22, 2011, Version 5.0 was released on June 21, 2011, Version 6.0 was released on August 16, 2011, Version 7.0 was released on September 27, 2011 and Version 8.0, the current release, was released on November 8, 2011.

Mobile Broadband Generations

Second generation (2G) from 1991:
• First mobile data service
• GSM CSD (2G)	9.6 kbit/s
• GSM GPRS (2.5G)	56 to 115 kbit/s
• GSM EDGE (2.75G)	up to 237 kbit/s

Third generation (3G) from 2001:

Speeds in Mbit/s	down	up
• UMTS W-CDMA	0.4 Mbit/s
• UMTS HSPA	14.4	5.8 Mbit/s
• UMTS TDD	16 Mbit/s
• CDMA2000 1xRTT	0.3	0.15
• CDMA2000 EV-DO	2.5–4.9	0.15–1.8
• GSM EDGE-Evolution	1.6	0.5 Mbit/s

Fourth generation (4G) from 2006:

Speeds in Mbit/s		down	up
•	HSPA+	21–672	5.8–168
•	Mobile WiMAX (802.16)	37–365	17–376
•	LTE	100–300	50–75
•	LTE-Advanced: 100 Mbit/s moving at higher speeds to 1 Gbit/s not moving or moving at low speeds
•	MBWA (802.20)	80 Mbit/s