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Martin Luther King Memorial Sculpture in New York City
This article is about a memorial in New York City. For the memorial in Washington, DC, see Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial. For the national historic site in Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), see Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park.
History edit
The Martin Luther King Jr. memorial sculpture is located at 122 Amsterdam Avenue between West 65th and West 66th Streets on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City.[1] It stands in front of the Martin Luther King Jr. Educational Campus, which originally opened as the Martin Luther King Jr. High School in 1975. The sculpture is built around the Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning intake unit for the school. The artwork is a 28-foot square cube made of self-weathering steel. It is the same steel that is used, with glass, to form the front wall of the school. The sculpture weighs 63 tons. Its proximity to Lincoln Center, the New York High School for the Performing Arts, and many nearby high-rise apartment buildings makes this New York City’s most prominently placed monument to Dr. King.
The sculptor is William Tarr (1925-2006),[2] a New York City-born, self-taught artist who began creating his first pieces in 1946 from old lumber and downed trees.[3] He subsequently started to make metal-welded works. Mr. Tarr is best known for this memorial to Dr. King in New York City and for “The Gates of the Six Million” at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C.
Description edit
The Martin Luther King memorial sculpture is unusual in that it does not include an image of Dr. King. It has been described as a biography of Dr. King, as the sculpture includes the initials of King family members, plus those of his closest friends, mentors and associates. There are also initials of important places and dates in Dr. King’s life. Each of the four sides includes a quotation from one of Dr. King’s speeches.
EAST SIDE (text on sculpture is in bold type) edit
Free at Last, Free at Last. Thank God Almighty I’m Free at Last
Quotation from: I Have a Dream speech, March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Washington, DC. August 28, 1963.
CSK Coretta Scott King (1927-2006)
Initials of the four King children:
YDK Yolanda Denise King (1955-2007)
DK Dexter King (b. 1961)
MLK III Martin Luther King III (b. 1957)
BAK Bernice Albertine King (b. 1963)
1929 – 1968 Dr. King’s dates
Initials of Dr. King’s family of origin:
JK James King, paternal grandfather
DK Delia King, paternal grandmother
MLK Martin Luther King Sr. (1899-1984), father
AWK Alberta Williams King (1904-1974), mother
CK Christine King Farris (1927-2023), sister
ADK A. D. King (1930-1969), brother
SOUTH SIDE (text on sculpture is in bold type) edit
12-10-64 1964 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Dr. King in Oslo, Norway
Four schools [4] Dr. King attended, plus lower case initials of important professors and friends:
BTWHS Booker T. Washington High School (Georgia), Atlanta, (attended 1942-1944)
MC Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia (attended 1944-1948)
bem Benjamin E. Mays (1894-1984). President of Morehouse College from 1940-1967
wmc Walter McCall. Morehouse classmate who also attended Crozer Theological Seminary
gdk George D. Kelsey. Professor of Religion
cem Charles Morton. Friend
CTS Crozer Theological Seminary, Upland, PA (attanded 1948-1951)
mse Morton S. Ensen. Crozer’s most illustrious professor
fs Francis Stewart. Friend
dj Dupree Jordan. Friend
hs Howard Smith. Interim President of Crozer from 1949-1950
BU Boston University (attended 1951-1955)
esb Edgar S. Brightman (1884-1953). Professor
lhdew L. Harold DeWolf (1905-1986). Professor
dl Unknown
mp Mary Powell. Friend who introduced Dr. King to Coretta Scott
cs Coretta Scott
RDA Ralph Abernathy (1926-1990)
SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference
MIA Montgomery Improvement Association
. . . I refuse to accept . . . that nation after nation must spiral down a militaristic stairway into the hell of thermonuclear destruction.
Quotation from Dr. King’s Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech
WEST SIDE (text on sculpture is in bold type) edit
This side is about Dr. King’s death.
4-4-68 Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
YD, ML, D and BA
CSK
Yolanda Denise, Martin Luther, Dexter, and Bernice Albertine. The four King children, who, along with his wife, Coretta Scott King, were Dr. King’s immediate heirs.
I just want to be there in love and in justice and in truth and in commitment to others so that we can make of this old world a new world.
Quotation from the last sermon Dr. King delivered at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia, on February 4, 1968, exactly two months before his death. At Mrs. King’s request, a recording of the sermon, entitled “The Drum Major Instinct” was played at the Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.
NORTH SIDE (text on sculpture is in bold type) edit
Initials of 36 important people in Dr. King’s life and work:
RDA Ralph Abernathy (1926-1990)
AJY Andrew Jackson Young (b 1932)
LDR Lawrence D. Reddick (1910-1995)
WTW Wyatt Tee Walker (1928-2018)
JB James Bevel (1936-2008) Julian Bond (1940-2015)
BR Bayard Rustin (1912-1987)
JG Jack Greenberg (1924–2016)
ADK A. D. King (1930-1969)
FS Frederick Lee Shuttlesworth (1922-2011)
CKS Charles Kenzie Steele (1914-1980)
BL Bernard Lee (activist) (1935-1991)
JML James Morris Lawson Jr. (b. 1928)
CTV Cordy Tindell Vivian (1924-2020)
EB Ella Baker (1903-1986)
JJ Jesse Jackson (b. 1941)
JF James Farmer (1920-1999) James Forman (1928-2005)
HW Hosea Williams (1926-2000)
GS Glenn E. Smiley (1910–1993)
RP Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
EDN Edgar Daniel Nixon (1899-1987)
RG Robert Graetz (1928–2020)
WHB William Holmes Borders (1905–1993)
MJ Mahalia Jackson (1911-1972) Mordecai Johnson (1890-1976)
MM Unknown.
WGA William G. Anderson (b. 12-12-27)
PIB Unknown
APR A. Philip Randolph (1889-1979)
DM Douglas E. Moore (1928–2019)
HB Harry Belafonte (1927-2023)
ME Medgar Evers (1925-1963)
MKG Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, AKA Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
AR Albert Raby (1933-1988)
DG Dick Gregory (1932-2017)
RNH Unknown. Possibly Ruby Hurley (1909–1980)
15 important dates in the life of Dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement:
1-15-29 Birthdate
6-18-53 Marriage to Coretta Scott
9-1-54 Became full-time pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, AL
6-5-55 Received Ph.D. in Systematic theology from Boston University
11-17-55 Birth of first child, Yolanda Denise King
12-5-55 Montgomery bus boycott began
1-28-57 Article published in the Montgomery Advertiser about Dr. King experiencing a “divine” presence, in which Dr. King said that God gave him the courage he needed to face escalating threats of violence
10-23-57 Birth of second child, Martin Luther King III
1-30-61 Birth of third child, Dexter King
5-20-61 Dr. King delivers speech in which he said “Fear not, we've come too far to turn back.”
3-18-63 Dr. King delivers eulogy for the four young victims of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama
3-28-63 Birth of fourth child, Bernice Albertine King
8-28-63 Dr. King delivers “I Have a Dream” Speech in at March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
7-2-64 Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson
12-10-64 Dr. King awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for this work in the American Civil Rights Movement
3-21-65 Selma to Montgomery marches began
8-06-65 Voting Rights Act of 1965 signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson
44 Dr. King’s death date (04-04-68) compressed. Perhaps the date is written this way, as this is also the age Dr. King would have been in 1973 when this monument was completed. In the years since the sculpture was erected, the number 44 has become important in the history of civil rights, as Barack Obama, the first Black person to be elected President of the United States, was the 44th President.
We Shall Overcome Song which became a key anthem of the Civil Rights Movement
Let us be dissatisfied until every man can have food and material necessities for his body, culture and education for his mind, freedom and human dignity for his spirit.
Quotation from speech Dr. King delivered on the 100th anniversary of the birth of W. E. B. Du Bois, on February 23, 1968, at Carnegie Hall.
References edit
- ^ "New York City's tributes to Martin Luther King Jr. | 6sqft". Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ^ "Sarasota resident Tarr was a world-renowned sculptor". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ^ Anderson, Susan Heller; Dunlap, David W. (1986-05-30). "NEW YORK DAY BY DAY; Dr. King Sculpture Protected by Planks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ Susan (2021-03-01). "Monday's Monument: Martin Luther King Memorial Cube, New York, New York". SusanIves. Retrieved 2023-07-29.