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Article Evaluation

Each fact mentioned in the article was reliable and suitable for the reference; the article isn’t very long so the facts provided were very clear and straight forward. The article “rational-legal authority” explains information directly regarding the topic. The subtitles provided clearly present how relevant the article is to the main topic. The different paragraphs are subtopics of the main topic which makes the article relevant and easy to understand. There was a little distracted to the article when I saw “modern state” as a subtitle, but as I was reading it was becoming clear to how it was relevant to the article as a whole. The article isn’t so to say “neutral”, but more “general”. The article, in my opinion was an expanded definition, it provided information based on facts and not bias opinions. There weren’t any “claims” or “frames” from a particular group/party. The position of the article was particularly for a general facts for curious parties. The information came lectures by Max Weber and sociology encyclopedia, although, the information did come from a professor that used his lectures I didn’t catch any bias statements. Also, from the sociology encyclopedia.com is as informational website that explained documentation from Max Weber. I understand that this article is solely based off of one man’s words, but I believe since the topic isn’t opinionated “bias” isn’t connected to the article. Overall bias isn’t noticed I the article, either the wording is well written or the information is strictly non-prejudice, bias is not noted. Viewpoints provided on the article were represented well enough to grasp and understand the topic. Although, “modern state” was a bit underrepresented, I fell that the article could’ve elaborated a bit more on what and who “modern state” is. The links on the citations work and are easily accessible. I personally, went to the links and checked what they were about and what type of additional information was being provided. I didn’t see any close paraphrasing or plagiarism in the article compared to the links given. Since the article isn’t very long lots of facts given were short and straight to the point bullet points. The information didn’t to me personally seem out of date, but the last time it was modified was a year ago (9/24/2015). It wasn’t too long ago, although, there could be recent studies and profession updates or opinions that could have been release that haven’t been modified to this article. I liked how short and straight forward the article was/is. The article, in my personal opinion, doesn’t need anything added. If there has been updated information provided however, the article should be modified and updated for more recent information. Overall, the article provides as much information needed to understand the topic and the entire article.

Annotated bibliography

"Rational-Legal Authority - Boundless Open Textbook." Boundless. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.

This article provides key points, terms and examples on the topic rational-legal authority. The article give specific and clear information that make it easy to understand. The article's examples that are shown aren't just words, but the article also provides pictures to show illustration to understand the topic better. I personally liked this article because it wasn't broad, it was very clear to understand. the way the broke down the key points and the terms that were parallel to the main topic was very helpful. The article did have a full article portion that provided broad information to learn more, also the pictures provided gave me a better understanding of the examples.

"What Is Legal Authority." What Is Legal Authority. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.

The article gives a clear and specific definition then leads to the effectiveness of legal authority. The article also provides additional information on how rational-legal authority affects the bureaucratic administrative staff. Another thing that is brought up in the article are ten criteria's addressing individuals that can be affected by the staff. I personally liked this article for the break down of the ten criteria's that were provided. Also, the way they divided rational-legal authority into eight fundamental categories was very helpful to narrow down how the it works. Overall the article is very helpful to breakdown how rational-legal authority works and effects others.

"Rational Authority." Rational Authority. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.

The the definition of authority is given following with the articles break down of three forms of authority. The article then provides a chart with another three different definitions and information to further the main topic rational authority. the article is simple and what seems repetitive, but very useful because it is different than the original definition of Max Weber. I also liked the chart that was provided because it explain modern state which is helpful to the topic's broader information level. Lastly, what caught my attention was that the article's website was the specifically for the topic rational authority. The article was short, but I like the short and straight to the point type of articles so i can reread and understand better.

"Power, Authority & Legitimacy Theory | A2-level-level-revision, Politics, Power-authority-legitimacy-theory | Revision World." Power, Authority & Legitimacy Theory | A2-level-level-revision, Politics, Power-authority-legitimacy-theory | Revision World. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.

This article about the theory of power and authority breaks down and provides definitions for each sub topic. The article first has power and it's definition with plenty of information that describes power, the article also provides the same amount of information about authority. Another thing the article provides is the relationship between power and authority, it then provided the different views on authority. Legitimacy is also brought up in the article to give further information, the article actually expands on the subject legitimacy and provides how the government is involved. I chose this article because it provided information on a broader subject of ration-legal authority. I liked how it split up into different subjects and extended the topic into other ideas.

"Power and Authority." Power and Authority. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.

This article is longer and provides more information about rational-legal authority and the different types of authority that is connected. The article provides what the reader will learn organization of the article. Also, Weber's works are mentioned and used which helps me grasp his information, but in another perspective. There's plenty of information that is being provided, and the the organization helps with understanding how authority is defined. The break down of politics, power, traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authority all helps with what is needed to be known. At the end the article helps me know what exactly I should've learned with the article because of how it provides key takeaways and a review section. Overall, the article was a lot to take in, but provided enough information to understand rational-legal authority.

Outline: revised and edited

KAAY

Yesennia Varela – Senniavarelat

Korina Palao – Korina-NP

Alexandra Lopez – Alexandralopez324

Andrew Villagran – Drewvilla2

Rational-Legal Authority

Plus, additional information will be added such as: a short sentence that wraps up the overall explanation and an example that is given from one of the articles.
- If society, as a whole, approves the exercise of the power in a certain way, then the power is consider "legitimate authority".
- An example of this type of authority would be the viewing of a police car in our rear view mirrors.

The additional information was pulled out from the article: “14.1 Power and Authority”.

Also, the underlined part of the title is something that was changed and revised.

§ 1.2 Max Weber’s Theory: Type of authority / Weber’s Theory of Legitimacy

This is additional information that we’ve come up with to put into our article.
- Max Weber broke down legitimate authority into three different types of societies. Traditional Authority, Rational-legal Authority, and Charismatic Authority. Each of these authorities have their own unique complex societies that have evolved from simple definitions.

The three types of authority will be defined and we will give examples of each type of authority.

Traditional Authority/ traditional grounds
- is the type of power that has been around longer, it is the type of power that is traditionally rooted in beliefs and the practices of society. This authority is liked by many individuals because of two main reasons: the inheritance of past generations and religiousness that the societies have.
- Traditional authority is based on a tradition or custom that is followed by the traditional leaders. In traditional authority, status is a key concept. There are no requirements to serving a traditional leader but there are no salaries. The consequences to traditional authority are discouragement of education and rational calculation.
- Traditional authority consists of a dominant profile, one who embodies tradition and rule. This type of leadership exemplifies the power to construct order.

Rational-legal Authority/ rational grounds
- acquire from law and is constructed from the reliance of society's rules and laws. This type of authority has the confidence to leave the right of leaders to undertake the decisions and set the policy. Rational- legal Authority is the bases of modern democracies. Examples of this type of authority: officials elected by voters, rules that are in the constitution, or policies that are written in a formal document.
- Rational-legal authority is built on a structure of bureaucracy. In a rational-legal authority one ascends in their career paths through promotion and they eventually retire. Some of the benefits of rational-legal authority are transportation, large-scale industry, mass communication and an income economy. Other outcomes of rational-legal authority are tendencies towards equal opportunity and a promotion of education.
- Rational-legal authority requires a logical and systematic approach to leadership. Weber’s last type of leadership prevails in decision making.

Charismatic authority- charismatic grounds
- comes from individual's and their personal qualities that they have to offer. Certain individuals are influential to others with their unique qualities which help them gain followers. The "charismatic" individuals exercise power and authority over a whole society or even a specific group of within a bigger society. The exercise of their power of these individuals are either for good or bad. Examples of these charismatic leaders can range from: Joan of Arc to Adolf Hitler or Martin Luther king Jr to Jesus Christ.
- Charismatic authority has no clear structure. It is based one’s individual influence. One is chosen to be staff by their charismatic characteristics. Someone under a charismatic authority lives under gifts not salary. As long as someone has influence they will be a legitimate power.
- In charismatic authority, confidence is the driving force for leadership. With charismatic authority leadership has the ability to connect distinct groups and lead them to the finish line.

This information about Weber’s 3 types of authority will come from the articles: 14.1 Power and Authority, The Concept of Legitimacy, and Max Weber’s 3 types of authority.

§ 1.3 Emergence of The Modern State

Although, this isn’t is a new title it does have a different number in front of it, it used to be 1.2 and now it is 1.3.

Plus, we did change some capitalization on some letters such as the “t” in the, the “m” in modern, and the “s” in state.

We did keep the content in this part of the article because it was sufficient enough to understand and grasp the concept of the sub-topic that relates to the overall topic.

§ 1.4 Modern State

The title isn’t new yet we did have a slight change in the numbering. “modern state” originally was 1.3, but because our of additional information it went up to 1.4.

Also, the capitalization on the “s” in state was change.

Overall nothing from the content was taken off and there was no additional information added.

§ 2 Rational-Legal Leaders

The information that is provided already in the original article will stay as is.

Also, we were going to add more information that we feel is beneficial to the article.
- Additional, Weber provided ten necessities addressing: "how individual officials are appointed and work". The administrative staff are under the supreme authority for legal authority in a bureaucratic administrative style.
  - 1. They are personally free and subject to authority only with respect to their impersonal official obligation.
  - 2. They are organized in a clearly defined hierarchy of offices.
  - 3. Each office has clearly defined sphere of competence it the legal sense.
  - 4. The office is filled by a free contractual relationship or free selection.
  - 5. Candidates are selected on the basis of technical qualification.
  - 6. They are remunerated by fixed salaries in money for the most part with a right to pensions.
  - 7. The office is treated as the sole, or at least at primary, occupation of incumbent.
  - 8. It constitutes a career. Promotions are dependent on the judgement of superiors.
  - 9. The official work's entirely separated from ownership of the means of administration and without appropriation of his/hers position.
  - 10. He is subject to strict and systematic discipline and control in the conduct of the office.

The additional information that will be provided will be over, “Weber’s ten criteria addressing how individual officials are appointed and function, in the purest type, within the whole administrative staff under the supreme authority”.

The article that will hold this information is: What is legal authority?

§ 3 See Also

Delete the information that is on the original article.

Insert new information from other articles that our group members had found.

From articles: Rational, Legal, and Professional Authority: Modernized, Rationalized Bonds of Office and Morality, Inescapable Rational Authority, and A God’s Wishes.

Inescapable rational authority, categorical reasons, divine command theory, meta-ethics, and Rationalized Bonds of Office. These keywords will be the new information on the “see also” content.

§ 4 External Links

http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/sociology-comprehensive-edition/s17-01-power-and-authority.html

http://opinion.inquirer.net/85293/max-webers-3-types-of-authority

http://davidboje.com/horsesense/psl/pages/bureaucracydefined2.html

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.comRational -Legal Authority /doi/10.1111/jore.12105/pdf

http://atheism.about.com/od/religiousauthority/a/types_4.htm