User:Kanguole/EarlyBronzeAge

The Houmuwu Ding from Anyang, at 875 kg (1,929 lb), is the heaviest ancient bronze item found anywhere in the world.

Bronze in early China

massive amounts of bronze in comparison with other ancient civilizations, marker of complex social organization increasing volume of production

Frontier cultures

The earliest bronze object found in China is this knife (c. 2900–2700 BC) from the Majiayao culture, excavated in Dongxiang, Gansu.

Erlitou

Main article: Erlitou culture

Erligang expansion

Main article: Erligang culture

Decentralization

See also: Xiaoshuangqiao and Huanbei

Chinese scholars dispute any discontinuity between Erligang and Anyang

Late Shang and their contemporaries

Late Shang at Anyang

Main article: Late Shang

Sanxingdui

Main article: Sanxingdui

Middle Yangtze valley

Main articles: Wucheng culture and Feijiahe culture

Relation to traditional accounts

See also: Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project

References

Works cited

• Allan, Sarah (2007), "Erlitou and the Formation of Chinese Civilization: Toward a New Paradigm", The Journal of Asian Studies, 66 (2), Cambridge University Press: 461–496, doi:10.1017/S002191180700054X.
• Bagley, Robert (1999), "Shang archaeology", in Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (eds.), The Cambridge History of Ancient China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 124–231, ISBN 978-0-521-47030-8.
• ——— (2018), "The Bronze Age before the Zhou Dynasty", in Goldin, Paul R. (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Early Chinese History, Rourledge, pp. 61–83, doi:10.4324/9781315773605-4, ISBN 978-1-138-77591-6.
• Campbell, Roderick B. (2014), Archaeology of the Chinese bronze age: from Erlitou to Anyang, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, ISBN 978-1-931745-98-7.
• Flad, Rowan K.; Chen, Pochan (2013), Ancient Central China, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-89900-0.
• Lee, Yun Kuen (2002), "Building the chronology of early Chinese history", Asian Perspectives, 41 (1): 15–42, doi:10.1353/asi.2002.0006, hdl:10125/17161.
• Li, Feng (2013), Early China: A Social and Cultural History, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-89552-1.
• Li, Xueqin (2002), "The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project: Methodology and Results", Journal of East Asian Archaeology, 4: 321–333, doi:10.1163/156852302322454585.
• Liu, Li; Chen, Xingcan (2003), State Formation in Early China, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-7156-3224-6.
• ———; ——— (2012), The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-64310-8.
• Shelach-Lavi, Gideon (2015), The Archaeology of Early China, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-19689-5.
• Thorp, Robert L. (2005), China in the Early Bronze Age, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-3910-2.