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ܩܛܝܣܦܘܢ

Origin of zhuyin symbols
Consonants
Zhuyin Origin IPA Pinyin WG Example
ㄅ From 勹, the ancient form and current top portion of 包 bāo p b p 八 (ㄅㄚ, bā)
ㄆ From 攵, the combining form of 攴 pū pʰ p p' 杷 (ㄆㄚˊ, pá)
ㄇ From 冂, the archaic character and current radical 冖 mì m m m 馬 (ㄇㄚˇ, mǎ)
ㄈ From 匚 fāng f f f 法 (ㄈㄚˇ, fǎ)
ㄉ From the archaic form of 刀 dāo. Compare the bamboo form . t d t 地 (ㄉㄧˋ, dì)
ㄊ From the upside-down 子 seen at the top of 充 tʰ t t' 提 (ㄊㄧˊ, tí)
ㄋ From /𠄎, ancient form of 乃 nǎi n n n 你 (ㄋㄧˇ, nǐ)
ㄌ From the archaic form of 力 lì l l l 利 (ㄌㄧˋ, lì)
ㄍ From the obsolete character 巜 guì/kuài" 'river' k g k 告 (ㄍㄠˋ, gào)
ㄎ From the archaic character 丂 kǎo kʰ k k' 考 (ㄎㄠˇ, kǎo)
ㄏ From the archaic character and current radical 厂 hàn x h h 好 (ㄏㄠˇ, hǎo)
ㄐ From the archaic character 丩 jiū tɕ j ch 叫 (ㄐㄧㄠˋ, jiào)
ㄑ From the archaic character ㄑ quǎn, graphic root of the character 巛 chuān (modern 川) tɕʰ q ch' 巧 (ㄑㄧㄠˇ, qiǎo)
ㄒ From 丅, an ancient form of 下 xià. ɕ x hs 小 (ㄒㄧㄠˇ, xiǎo)
ㄓ From /㞢, archaic form of 之 zhī. ʈʂ zh ch 主 (ㄓㄨˇ, zhǔ)
ㄔ From the character and radical 彳 chì ʈʂʰ ch ch' 出 (ㄔㄨ, chū)
ㄕ From the character 尸 shī ʂ sh sh 束 (ㄕㄨˋ, shù)
ㄖ Modified from the seal script form of 日 rì ʐ r j 入 (ㄖㄨˋ, rù)
ㄗ From the archaic character and current radical 卩 jié, dialectically zié ts z ts 在 (ㄗㄞˋ, zài)
ㄘ Variant of 七 qī, dialectically ciī. Compare semi-cursive form and seal-script . tsʰ c ts' 才 (ㄘㄞˊ, cái)
ㄙ From the archaic character 厶 sī, which was later replaced by its compound 私 sī. s s s 塞 (ㄙㄞ, sāi)
Rhymes & Medials
Zhuyin Origin IPA Pinyin WG Example
ㄚ From 丫 yā a a a 大 (ㄉㄚˋ, dà)
ㄛ From the obsolete character 𠀀 hē, inhalation, the reverse of 丂 kǎo, which is preserved as a phonetic in the compound 可 kě.[1] ɔ o o 多 (ㄉㄨㄛ, duō)
ㄜ Derived from its allophone in Standard Chinese, ㄛ o ɤ e o/ê 得 (ㄉㄜˊ, dé)
ㄝ From 也 yě. Compare the Warring States bamboo form ɛ ê eh 爹 (ㄉㄧㄝ, diē)
ㄞ From 𠀅 hài, bronze form of 亥. aɪ ai ai 晒 (ㄕㄞˋ, shài)
ㄟ From 乁 yí, an obsolete character meaning 移 yí "to move". eɪ ei ei 誰 (ㄕㄟˊ, shéi)
ㄠ From 幺 yāo ɑʊ ao ao 少 (ㄕㄠˇ, shǎo)
ㄡ From 又 yòu oʊ ou ou 收 (ㄕㄡ, shōu)
ㄢ From the obsolete character ㄢ hàn "to bloom", preserved as a phonetic in the compound 犯 fàn an an an 山 (ㄕㄢ, shān)
ㄣ From 乚 yǐn ən en ên 申 (ㄕㄣ, shēn)
ㄤ From 尢 wāng ɑŋ ang ang 上 (ㄕㄤˋ, shàng)
ㄥ From 厶, an obsolete form of 厷 gōng ɤŋ eng êng 生 (ㄕㄥ, shēng)
ㄦ From 儿, the bottom portion of 兒 ér used as a cursive form əɻ er êrh 而 (ㄦˊ, ér)
ㄧ From 一 yī i i/y i 逆 (ㄋㄧˋ, nì)
ㄨ From 㐅, ancient form of 五 wǔ. u u/w u/w 努 (ㄋㄨˇ, nǔ)
ㄩ From the ancient character 凵 qū, which remains as a radical y ü/yu/u ü/yü 女 (ㄋㄩˇ, nǚ)
ㄭ Perhaps 市, in addition to ㄓ. It is the minimal vowel of ㄓ, ㄔ, ㄕ, ㄖ, ㄗ, ㄘ, ㄙ. ɨ -i ih/û 資 (ㄗ, zī)

比較 edit

注音比較
聲母
注音 字源 國際音標 漢語拼音 威妥瑪拼音 例子（注音，漢語拼音)
ㄅ 包，說文解字：「勹，裹也，像人曲行，有所包裹」取其聲 p b p 八 (ㄅㄚ, bā)
ㄆ 扑，說文解字：「攵，小擊也。即手執竿輕敲」取其聲 pʰ p p' 杷 (ㄆㄚˊ, pá)
ㄇ 冪，遮蔽覆蓋之意，取其聲 m m m 馬 (ㄇㄚˇ, mǎ)
ㄈ 匚，說文解字：「匚，受物之器。」，古代盛器，取其聲 f f f 法 (ㄈㄚˇ, fǎ)
ㄉ 刀字異體，取其聲 t d t 地 (ㄉㄧˋ, dì)
ㄊ 同突（凸），取其聲 tʰ t t' 提 (ㄊㄧˊ, tí)
ㄋ 乃字變體，取其聲 n n n 你 (ㄋㄧˇ, nǐ)
ㄌ 力字變體，取其聲 l l l 利 (ㄌㄧˋ, lì)
ㄍ 澮，說文解字：「巜，水流澮澮也。」田間水道，取其聲 k g k 告 (ㄍㄠˋ, gào)
ㄎ 考，說文：「丂，氣欲舒出，𠃑上礙於一也。」取其聲 kʰ k k' 考 (ㄎㄠˇ, kǎo)
ㄏ -{厂}-（非「-{廠}-」之簡化），部首名，說文：「山石之厓巖，人可居」 x h h 好 (ㄏㄠˇ, hǎo)
ㄐ 糾，說文：「丩，相糾繚也。」取其聲 ʨ j ch 叫 (ㄐㄧㄠˋ, jiào)
ㄑ ㄑ，田間水道，取其聲 ʨʰ q ch' 巧 (ㄑㄧㄠˇ, qiǎo)
ㄒ 下之古字，取其聲 ɕ x hs 小 (ㄒㄧㄠˇ, xiǎo)
ㄓ 「之」的古字，取其聲 ʈʂ zhi /zh chih /ch 主 (ㄓㄨˇ, zhǔ)
ㄔ 正字通：「左步為彳，右步為亍，合彳亍為行。」取其聲 ʈʂʰ chi /ch ch'ih /ch' 出 (ㄔㄨ, chū)
ㄕ -{尸}-之古字，取其聲 ʂ shi /sh shih /sh 束 (ㄕㄨˋ, shù)
ㄖ 日之象形古字 ɻ ri /r jih /j 入 (ㄖㄨˋ, rù)
ㄗ 節之古字，取其聲（讀尖音） ʦ zi /z tzû /ts 在 (ㄗㄞˋ, zài)
ㄘ 七之古字，取其聲（讀尖音） ʦʰ ci /c tz'û /ts' 才 (ㄘㄞˊ, cái)
ㄙ 私之古字，取其聲 s si /s ssû /s 塞 (ㄙㄞ, sāi)
韻尾
注音 字源 國際音標 漢語拼音 威妥瑪拼音 例子（注音，漢語拼音)
ㄚ 中古漢字，指上端分出的东西，取其韻 ä a a 大 (ㄉㄚˋ, dà)
ㄛ 近似呵，取其韻 ǫ /ɔ o o 多 (ㄉㄨㄛ, duō)
ㄜ 「ㄛ」之轉化，由「ㄛ」添筆而成，為後來新加 ɤ e e 得 (ㄉㄜˊ, dé)
ㄝ 也之變體 ɛ ê eh 爹 (ㄉㄧㄝ, diē)
ㄞ 亥之變體，取其韻 aɪ ai ai 晒 (ㄕㄞˋ, shài)
ㄟ 說文：「同戾也，从反丿，讀與弗同」取其韻 eɪ ei ei 誰 (ㄕㄟˊ, shéi)
ㄠ 說文：「幺，小也」，取其韻 ɑʊ ao ao 少 (ㄕㄠˇ, shǎo)
ㄡ 今字又，右手之象形古字，取其韻 oʊ ou ou 收 (ㄕㄡ, shōu)
ㄢ 說文：「ㄢ，艸木之華未發圅然。」 an an an 山 (ㄕㄢ, shān)
ㄣ 今字隱 ən en en 申 (ㄕㄣ, shēn)
ㄤ 本字尪，音wāng，骨胳弯曲不正 ɑŋ ang ang 上 (ㄕㄤˋ, shàng)
ㄥ 同肱，音gōng，上臂也， ɤŋ eng eng 生 (ㄕㄥ, shēng)
ㄦ 兒，孩童 əɻ er erh 而 (ㄦˊ, ér)
ㄧ 源自「一」字 i yi /i i 逆 (ㄋㄧˋ, nì)
－ in yin /in in 音 (ㄧㄣ, yīn)
－ iŋ ying /ing ing 英 (ㄧㄥ, yīng)
ㄨ 「五」之古字 u wu /u wu /u 努 (ㄋㄨˇ, nǔ)
－ uən wen /un wen /un 文 (ㄨㄣˊ, wén)
－ uɤŋ/ʊŋ weng /ong weng /ung 翁 (ㄨㄥ, wēng)
ㄩ 說文：「凵（音qū）盧，飯器，以柳爲之。象形。」。 y yu /u/ ü yü /ü 女 (ㄋㄩˇ, nǚ)
－ yn yun /un yün /ün 韻 (ㄩㄣˋ, yùn)
－ yʊŋ yong /iong yung /iung 永 (ㄩㄥˇ, yǒng)
Hiragana base characters
a i u e o
∅ あ い う え お
K か き く け こ
S さ し す せ そ
T た ち つ て と
N な に ぬ ね の
H は ひ ふ へ ほ
M ま み む め も
Y や ゆ よ
R ら り る れ ろ
W わ ゐ ゑ を
ん (n)
Functional marks
and diacritics
っ ゝ ゛ ゜


ܬܪܥܣܪ ܫܠܝܚܐ

ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ

ܟܗܢܐ

ܡܫܡܫܢܐ


Seven Heavens in Islam edit

according to Shi'ite sources, A Hadith from Ali mentioned the name of Seven Heavens as below:[2]

  1. Rafi' (رفیع) the least heaven (سماء الدنیا)
  1. Qaydum (قیدوم)
  1. Marum (ماروم)
  1. Arfalun (أرفلون‏)
  1. Hay'oun (هيعون‏)
  1. Arous (عروس)
  1. Ajma' (عجماء)


Ashkenazi Jews
(יהודי אשכנז Y'hude Ashk'naz in Biblical Hebrew; Y'hudey Ashknoz in Ashkenazi Hebrew)
Representatives of Yiddish
     
Representatives of German
                 
Representatives of other languages
    Anne Frank
Regions with significant populations
  United States of America5–6 million[3]
  State of Israel2.8–4 million[3][4]
Languages
Historical: Yiddish, German


  1. ^ "Unihan data for U+ 20000".
  2. ^ Al-Burhan fi Tafsir Al-Qur'an V.5 P.415
  3. ^ a b Gabriel E. Feldman, "Do Ashkenazi Jews have a Higher than expected Cancer Burden?" (PDF). (650 KB) , Israel Medical Association Journal, Volume 3, 2001.
  4. ^ "Ashkenazi Jews", Hebrew University of Jerusalem website. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
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