Kingdom of Thessalonica, 1204–1224 edit
| Image | Name | Rule | Title/rank | Succession & notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Boniface of Montferrat Bonifacio del Monferrato Βονιφάτιος Μομφερρατικός (Vonifatios Momferratikos) |
1204–1207 | King of Thessalonica | ||
| Demetrius of Montferrat Demetrio di Monferrato Δημήτριος Μομφερρατικός (Dēmētrios Momferratikos) |
1207–1224 | King of Thessalonica |
Empire of Thessalonica, 1224–1246 edit
| Image | Name | Rule | Title/rank | Succession & notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Theodore Komnenos Doukas Θεόδωρος Κομνηνὸς Δούκας (Theodōros Komnēnos Doukas) |
1224–1230 | Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans | Previously the Despot of Epirus; captured Thessaloniki in 1224 and proclaimed himself Byzantine emperor, aiming to eventually capture Constantinople. | [1] |
|
Manuel Komnenos Doukas Μανουήλ Κομνηνὸς Δούκας (Manouēl Komnēnos Doukas) |
1230–1237 | Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans | ||
|
John Komnenos Doukas Ιωάννης Κομνηνὸς Δούκας (Iōannēs Komnēnos Doukas) |
1237–1244 | Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans (1237–1242) Despot (1242–1244) |
||
| Demetrios Angelos Doukas Δημήτριος Ἀγγελοδούκας (Dēmētrios Angelodoukas) |
1244–1246 | Despot |
Under the Laskaris and Palaiologos dynasties, 1246–1423 edit
| Image | Name | Rule | Title/rank | Succession & notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andronikos Palaiologos Ανδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος (Andronikos Palaiologos) |
1246–1248/1252 | Governor (praetor) |
|||
| Theodore Philes Θεόδωρος Φιλῆς (Theodōros Philēs) |
1248/1252–1254 | Governor (kephale) |
|||
| Alexios Kaballarios Ἀλέξιος Καβαλλάριος (Alexios Kaballarios) |
c. 1270–1273/1275 | Governor (kephale) |
|||
| John Palaiologos Ιωάννης Παλαιολόγος (Iōannēs Palaiologos) |
1304–1307 | Despot | |||
|
Constantine Palaiologos Κωνσταντῖνος Δούκας Κομνηνός Παλαιολόγος (Kōnstantinos Doukas Komnēnos Palaiologos) |
1321–1322 | Despot | ||
| John Palaiologos Ιωάννης Παλαιολόγος (Iōannēs Palaiologos) |
c. 1325/1326 | Caesar | |||
| Demetrios Palaiologos Δημήτριος Παλαιολόγος (Dēmētrios Palaiologos) |
1327–1328 | Despot | |||
| George Choumnos Γεώργιος Χοῦμνος (Geōrgios Choūmnos) |
c. 1328 | Governor (kephale) |
|||
| Syrgiannes Palaiologos Συργιάννης Παλαιολόγος Φιλανθρωπηνός (Syrgiannes Palaiologos Philanthropenos) |
1329–1333 | Governor (kephale) |
|||
| Theodore Synadenos Θεόδωρος Κομνηνός Δούκας Παλαιολόγος Συναδηνός (Theodōros Komnēnos Doukas Palaiologos Synadenos) |
1340–1342 | Governor (protostrator) |
|||
| Michael Monomachos Μιχαὴλ Σεναχηρείμ Μονομάχος (Mikhaēl Senachereim Monomachos) |
1342–1343 | Governor (eparchos) |
|||
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|
John Vatatzes Ιωάννης Βατάτζης (Iōannēs Vatatzēs) |
1343–1344 | Governor (protokynegos) |
||
| John Apokaukos Ἱωάννης Ἀπόκαυκος (Iōannēs Apokaukos) |
1344–1345 | Governor (megas primikerios) |
|||
| 1345–1350: Thessaloniki is under the control of the Zealots of Thessalonica, led by Andreas Palaiologos and Michael Palaiologos. The zealots are deposed by the locals in 1349, and Emperor John V Palaiologos makes a triumphal entry into the city in 1350. | |||||
| George Synadenos Astras Γεώργιος Συναδηνός Ἀστρᾶς (Geōrgios Synadenos Astras) |
1364–1368 | Governor (kephale) |
|||
|
Manuel II Palaiologos Μανουήλ Παλαιολόγος (Manouēl Palaiologos) |
1369–1373 | Despot | [2] | |
| 1387–1403: The Ottoman Empire besieged Thessaloniki in 1383, finally capturing it in 1387 after a lengthy siege.[3] The city was under Ottoman control until it was diplomatically returned to the Byzantines in 1403.[2] | |||||
|
John VII Palaiologos Ιωάννης Παλαιολόγος (Iōannēs Palaiologos) ―with― Andronikos V Palaiologos Ανδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος (Andronikos Palaiologos) |
1403–1408 | Emperor of All Thessaly | Previously briefly Byzantine emperor in 1390, having usurped the throne from John V Palaiologos. Granted Thessaloniki as a semi-independent appanage in 1403 after the city was regained from the Ottomans. His imperial title was purely nominal. | [2] |
| XXXX–XXXX | Emperor of All Thessaly | Son of John Palaiologos; made junior co-emperor by his father as a child. Predeceased John VII, dying at the age of seven. | |||
|
Andronikos Palaiologos Ανδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος (Andronikos Palaiologos) |
1408–1423 | Despot | Son of Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos, granted the title of Despot and rule over Thessaloniki as a semi-independent appanage after the death of John VII Palaiologos. | [2] |
Andronikos Palaiologos was the last Byzantine governor of the city. In 1423, Emperor John VIII Palaiologos, Andronikos's brother, ceded the city to the Republic of Venice to prevent it from falling to the Ottoman Empire, which was besieging it at the time.[4]
References edit
- ^ Goodyear 2020.
- ^ a b c d Necipoğlu 2009, p. 39.
- ^ Vacalopoulos 1973, pp. 59–64.
- ^ Nicol 1992, pp. 5–7.
Bibliography edit
- Necipoğlu, Nevra (2009). Byzantium Between the Ottomans and the Latins: Politics and Society in the Late Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107403888.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Nicol, Donald M. (1992). The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0511583698.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1973). History of Macedonia 1354–1833. Translated by Peter Megann. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies. OCLC 220583971.
Web sources edit
- Goodyear, Michael (2020). "Despotate of Epirus". Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)