- Before 265 BC: The southern Iberian peninsula is populated by Iberian tribes.
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Carthaginian Empire
- 265 BC: Carthago possesses the southern Iberian coast.
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Roman Republic
- 206 BC: The Romans defeat the Carthaginian Empire and starts the conquest of the Iberian coast.
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Roman Empire
- 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor.
- 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) → Roman Empire and the (Western) → Roman Empire. The Iberian Peninsula becomes part of the Western part of the Empire.
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Visigothic Kingdom
- 428: The Visigothic Kingdom conquers the region.
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Roman Empire
- 552: The Roman Empire[1] conquers the southern Mediterranean coast and establishes the province of Spania.
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Visigothic Kingdom
- 624: The Visigothic Kingdom conquers the renmants of Spania.
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Arab Caliphate
- 711/716: The Visigothic Kingdom is destroyed by the Umayyad Arabs.
- 750: The Ummayads are overthrown by the Abbasids, but keep ruling Hispania.
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Emirate of Córdoba
- 756: The Ummayads establish the Emirate of Córdoba.
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Caliphate of Córdoba
- 929: The Emirate is replaced by the Caliphate of Cordoba.
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Taifa of Algeciras
- 1031: The region becomes part of Algeciras.
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Taifa of Seville
- 1058: Algeciras is annexed to Seville.
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Moroccan Empire
- 1091: Sevilla is conquered by the Moroccan Almoravids.
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Moroccan Caliphate
- 1145/1147: The Almoravid rule falls apart in various taifas and is replaced by the Almohad Caliphate.
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Emirate of Granada
- 1238: After the final defeat of the Almohad Caliphate in Spain, the Emirate of Granada is established as a vassal state of Castile.
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Kingdom of Castile
- 1462: Gibraltar is conquered by Castile.
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Kingdom of Spain
- 1516: Castile becomes a constituent part of Spain.
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Town and garrison of Gibraltar in the Kingdom of Spain → England/Great Britain/United Kingdom
- 1704: England conquers Gibraltar from Spain and establishes a English (and later British) town and garrison.
- 1713: The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession. Philippe becomes as Felipe V king of Spain, but has to any claim to the throne of France. Spain cedes Gibraltar and Minorca to Great Britain.
- 1727: Spain and Great Britain commence the Anglo-Spanish War over Gibraltar and possessions in South America.
- 1729: With the Treaty of Seville (1729) Great Britain maintains control over Gibraltar.
- 1821: A city council is established.
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Crown Colony of Gibraltar → United Kingdom
- 1830: Gibraltar is reorganized into the Crown Colony of Gibraltar. Gibraltar is governed by a governor.
- 1921: Gibraltar gets next to the governor a government and a city council elected on a universal male suffrage as advisory bodies to the governor.
- 1947: The suffrage for the city council is extended to women.
- 1950: Gibraltar gets self-government. A legislative council is established. The governor retains overall authority.
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City of Gibraltar → United Kingdom
- 1969: Under a new constitution Gibraltar is renamed into the City of Gibraltar. The queen is represented by a governor. The parliament, successor of the city and legislative councils, is elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The government is responsible to the parliament.
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