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User:Eewilson/Sfont

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Eewilson/Sfont

Vulnerable (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Astereae
Subtribe: Symphyotrichinae
Genus: Symphyotrichum
Subgenus: Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus
Species:
S. fontinale
Binomial name
Symphyotrichum fontinale
Map of Georgia and Florida with county boundaries and distribution of Symphyotrichum fontinale shaded in green: Georgia counties — Grady; Florida counties — Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dixie, Lee, Liberty, Marion, Miami-Dade, Monroe, Pasco, and Taylor
S. fontinale distribution[3][4][5]
Synonyms[2]
  • Aster fontinalis Alexander ex Small
  • Aster patens var. floridanus R.W.Long

Need about 3000 characters for five-fold.

Symphyotrichum fontinale (formerly Aster fontinalis) is a species of flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae). Commonly known as Florida water aster,[6] it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights ranging from 30 to 90 centimeters (1 to 3 feet). It is endemic to Florida and a small area of southwest Georgia.

Description edit

it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights ranging from 30 to 90 centimeters (1 to 3 feet).[6]

colonial; long-rhizomatous

Lifespan: perennial Root system: Height: 30–90 cm (12–35 in) Stems: Ray florets color: purplish-blue to light purple count: length: Disk florets color: count: – Blooms: November–December

Source: Brouillet et al. 2006

Stems edit

"1–5+, erect (light to reddish brown, straight, sometimes stout), proxi­mally moderately to densely hispidulo-strigillose, sometimes glabrescent, distally moderately to densely hispidulo-strigillose, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular." Brouillet et al. 2006

Leaves edit

"Leaves (green to dark green) firm, margins entire, faces sparsely to moderately strigoso-scabrous, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular; basal absent at flowering, sessile, blades (3-nerved) oblanceolate to obovate, 25–40 × 12–15 mm, bases attenuate, margins entire (remotely serrate), scabrous, apices obtuse, short-mucronate; proximal cauline usually withering by flowering, sessile, blades obovate to oblanceolate, 25–80 × 5–18 mm, bases rounded or narrowly auriculate-clasping, margins distally shallowly serrate to subentire, scabrellous, apices spinulose-mucronate; distal sessile, blades lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5–50 × 2–10 mm, reduced distally and becoming bractlike (arrays), bases subclasping to (distally) rounded, margins scabrous, apices acute to white-mucronulate or -subspinulose, faces sometimes shiny, minutely gland-dotted." Brouillet et al. 2006

Flowers edit

 
S. fontinale

"Heads (4–400) in wide to narrow, paniculiform arrays, branches ascending to widely spreading (well-developed), densely small-leaved. Peduncles ascending (secund in well-developed arrays?), 0.3–4.5 cm, densely strigoso-hirsute, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular, bracts dense, spreading or reflexed (rarely ascending), narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate, mostly ca. 3 × 1 mm, spinulose, sparsely to moderately strigilloso-scabrous, sometimes sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular, grading into phyllaries. Involucres cylindro-campanulate, 6–7.6 mm. Phyllaries in 4–5 series (appressed), oblong or oblanceolate (outer) to linear-oblanceolate (innermost), unequal, bases indurate, margins hyaline, scarious, erose, ciliate or ciliolate, and/or sometimes stipitate-glandular, often reddish distally, green zones elliptic (outer) to lanceolate, apices erect, acute to acuminate, mucronulate to apiculate (inner), often tinged red-purplish, faces glabrous or glabrate. Ray florets 15–30; corollas purplish-blue to lavender, laminae 7–13 × 0.8–2 mm. Disc florets 19-25; corollas cream to pale yellow turning reddish purple, sometimes also brownish, 5.2–6 mm, tubes slightly shorter than funnelform throats, lobes lanceolate to triangular, 0.8–1.2 mm." Brouillet et al. 2006

Fruit edit

The fruits (seeds) of Symphyotrichum fontinale are not true achenes but are cypselae, resembling an achene but surrounded by a calyx sheath. This is true for all members of the Asteraceae family.[7] After ripening, the seeds become tan with 4–5 golden bronze nerves. They are shaped like a combination of an egg and a spindle, technically called obovoid–fusiform in shape, and range from 1.9 to 2.3 mm in length. They also have tufts of hairs called pappi which are in various shades and 5–6.2 mm in length.[6]

Similar species edit

The closest relative to Symphyotrichum fontinale is Symphyotrichum estesii. They are different only in the color of their phyllaries and involucral bracts, as well as the sizes of their flower heads and color of their ray florets. S. estesii has green phyllaries and bracts, and those of S. fontinale are often tipped or tinted purple. S. estesii has smaller flower heads than S. fontinale, and its ray florets are white. S. fontinale has ray florets that can be tinted pale pink to bluish or violet.[8] The two have separate and distinct ranges. Whereas Florida water aster is endemic primarily to Florida,[5] S. estesii has been found only in Coffee County, Tennessee.[9]

Species in moist or marshy wetlands in Florida:

  • Symphyotrichum chapmanii
  • Symphyotrichum dumosum
  • Symphyotrichum elliottii
  • Symphyotrichum firmum (Georgia)
  • Symphyotrichum praealtum
  • Symphyotrichum puniceum (Georgia)
  • Symphyotrichum racemosum
  • Symphyotrichum simmondsii
  • Symphyotrichum subulatum
  • Symphyotrichum tenuifolium

Chromosomes edit

Symphyotrichum fontinale has a base number of five chromosomes {{{1}}} with a decaploid count of 50.[5]

Taxonomy edit

Holotype: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1930407826

Basionym: Aster fontinalis[181]

Described: 1933[182]

Etymology edit

The second part of the scientific name fontinale is Latin neutral form for fontinalis which means water spring or fountain.

Phylogeny edit

Subgenus Virgulus sect. Grandiflori subsect. Grandiflori

Distribution and habitat edit

Symphyotrichum fontinale grows at elevations between 0 and 50 m (0 and 160 ft) in wetlands, including marshes, sandhills, hammocks, flood plains, and rocky bluffs along streams,[6] in scattered counties of Florida and southwest Georgia.[3][4][5]

It is endemic to Florida and a small area of southwest Georgia.[5]

need a thing about distribution "contradictions" among the different sources

no wetland indicator status

Ecology edit

may not be able to find anything on that

Conservation edit

NatureServe lists it as Vulnerable (G3) worldwide.[1] Last reviewed 7 June 1996 they don't give a reason for their rating

no c-val no listing in iucn

Notes edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b NatureServe 2021.
  2. ^ a b POWO 2019.
  3. ^ a b GBIF.org 2021.
  4. ^ a b SERNEC 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e Semple 2019a.
  6. ^ a b c d Brouillet et al. 2006.
  7. ^ Barkley, Brouillet & Strother 2006.
  8. ^ Semple 2019b, p. 1.
  9. ^ Semple 2019b, p. 9.

References edit

  • Barkley, T.M.; Brouillet, L.; Strother, J.L. (2006). "Asteraceae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 19. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 10 January 2021 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  • Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006). "Symphyotrichum fontinale". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 January 2021 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  • GBIF.org (28 August 2021). GBIF Occurrence Download [Symphyotrichum fontinale]. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility. doi:10.15468/dl.szzc9y.
  • NatureServe (8 January 2021). "Symphyotrichum fontinale". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  • POWO (2019). "Symphyotrichum fontinale (Alexander) G.L.Nesom". www.plantsoftheworldonline.org. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  • Semple, J.C. (16 October 2019a). "Symphyotrichum fontinale Florida Water Aster". www.uwaterloo.ca. Ontario. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  • Semple, J.C. (2019b). "Symphyotrichum estesii, a new species of virguloid aster from Tennessee (Asteraceae: Astereae)" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 2019–36: 1–10. ISSN 2153-733X. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  • SERNEC (28 August 2021). "Data portal search for Symphyotrichum fontinale". www.sernecportal.org. SouthEast Regional Network of Expertise and Collections. Retrieved 28 August 2021.

Other refs could be useful:

  • Clewell, A.F. 1985. Guide to vascular plants of the Florida panhandle. Florida State Univ. Press, Tallahassee, Florida. 605 pp.
  • Cronquist, A. 1980. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. Vol. 1. Asteraceae. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 261 pp.
  • Wunderlin, R.P. 1982. Guide to the vascular plants of central Florida. Univ. Presses Florida, Gainesville. 472 pp.
  • Weakley's 2020 flora - pages 1583, 1588

Flora of Florida, Volume VII: Dicotyledons, Orobanchaceae through Asteraceae by Richard P. Wunderlin (Author), Bruce F. Hansen (Author), Alan R. Franck (Author) February 25, 2020 Publisher ‏ : ‎ University Press of Florida; 1st edition (February 25, 2020) Language ‏ : ‎ English Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 492 pages ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0813066263 ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0813066264 pp. 388-389


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