"Answer to Module 7 Questions"
This is my own work, a picture scanned by myself. I chose less restrictive license:
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. And I will add it to my typical features gallery. I’d describe this photo as an illustration of how façade-gabled house look like.
Practicing citations
The majority of first arrivals are non-separatist Puritans, who seek for rebuilding the Church of England in America and hence set up the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, while the minority of the first colonists are puritans desire to distance themselves from the Church of England, these religious believers did not have any architecture background. [1]
Moreover, First Period houses are often constructed with central chimney, distinctive style in that era, this is because it needs to maintain enough space for fireplaces and secure sufficient air is led to the stove to burn clean. [2]
It is designed to maximize the heat from south and minimize the coldness from the north, also, it has the function of preventing heavy snow accumulation.[3]
Inside the houses, a heavy oak frame and thick beams (about 24 to 36 centimetres) are used to maintain the house structure, and walls are furnished with clay and twigs to protect the houses from severe weather condition, and staircases are created in L shape to match the design of centred chimney.[4]
Compared with former architectures erected by the Puritans, their style is more chilled and laissez-faire, mixed with individual personality.[5]
In Massachusetts Bay Colony, colonists established regulations that immigrants should not breach the laws in England and then erected houses of correction for penalty. [6]
Christianity was brought to the United States by early English colonists, the oldest First Period church was built in New Mexico in 1629, named San Estevan del Rey Mission Church, is still in use as a museum. And later in Virginia, Maryland and Massachusetts, few churches were constructed by Puritans following English medieval architecture styles in 17th century. [7]
Old ship church is named after the shape of ceiling, which looks like the hull of a ship, this is because colonists in First Period are not professional architects but carpenters from the ship and sailors, they are familiarized with hammerbeam roof. [8]
- ^ Bremer, Francis (1976). The Puritan Experiment: New England Society from Bradford to Edwards. University Press of New England.
- ^ Morrison, Hugh (1952). Early American Architecture: From the First Colonial Settlements to the National Period. Dover Publications Inc. p. 49-98.
- ^ Harris, Gordon (2015). "First Period, Georgian and Federal-era houses of Ipswich". https://historicipswich.org/. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
{{cite web}}: External link in|website= - ^ Antique Homes Magazine (2020). "Early American Colonial". https://www.antiquehomesmagazine.com. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
{{cite web}}: External link in|website= - ^ Foster, Gerald (2004). American Houses: A Field Guide to the Architecture of the Home. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 3-6.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Scott, Christianson (1998). With Liberty for Some: 500 Years of Imprisonment in America. Boston: Northeastern.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Rosenblum, Nancy (2000). Obligations of Citizenship and Demands of Faith: Religious Accommodation in Pluralist Democracies. Princeton University Press.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ D'urso, Emily (2007 April 20th). "Classic New England: Five for the Road". https://www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
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