Marine Spatial Planning In Indonesian In Indonesia they were having trouble being able to control and protect the area around Savu known as teh Savu Sea. The human pressures on the area include destructive fishing and overfishing, illegal harvesting of cetaceans, and disposal of mine tailings in the ocean. As an attempt to protect this area Indonesia declared the creation of a 3.5 million-hectare Savu Sea Marine National Park. They first needed to assess the main sources of the issues in order to properly enact this MSP, they came to the conclusion that zoning and special management actions around fishing practices would be the best strategy. They then went through with taking surveys of the area in order to see how the area should be zoned, they decided on four types of zoning: a core zone, a sustainable fishery zone, a marine tourism zone, and a other zone. This MPA was designed and implemented through the Nature Conservancy agency then TNC was in involved in the formation of P4KKP (Team for Assessment, Establishment and Management of Savu Sea National Marine Park). They also publicly consulted with other 94 villages in order to incorporate local tradition and requests into their zoning and MPA planning[1].
Rhode Island Coastal Resource Management Council
The act known as The Rhode Island Ocean Special Area Management Plan is a proposal that is used to regulate Rhode Islands marine resources as well as coastal planning in the area. This plan was put into place in an effort to better address the proposed wind farm developments and the communication between both sides[2]. The main act that was an issue was the Vineyard Wind turbine development that was proposed to put in 206 wind turbine on the coast of Massachusetts. These wind turbines were thought to have a major affect on the commercial fishing industry because of their specific placement in the water and the necessary space needed for fishing vessels to pass by[3]. By implementing the SAMP talked about above it changed the distance these turbines needed to be apart as well as increased the conversation between the fisherman and the company. This act helped reduce conflict between the two parties because it provided a line of communication and took into account the positions of both sides[4].
Marine and Coastal Conflicts
In Karen A. Alexanders new theory of marine and coastal conflict they propose that the drivers of change will produce conflict for resources which in addition to different exacerbating factors is what leads to marine coastal conflict. The main two topics contributing to this conflict are shown as the exacerbating factors and the drivers of change. The different drivers of change are known as: increasing population, security of supply, the economic imperative, institutional failure, and a changing marine environment. These factors are what create competition for the initial resource based on a larger need such as increased population or a crash of the stock such as a changing environment. These factors are known as ones that could not be changed; they are something that has happening or is currently happened that can't be halted.
Once there is already an establish competition for that resource there are only more exacerbating factors that just worsen the competition. The factors could include; taking/altering what is ours, unfair treatment, threats to wellbeing, and poor governance. All of these issues are what make the coastal conflict between different regions grow because once they are addressed by different governments and groups the differing opinions tend to clash. Despite the drivers of change being unchangeable the exacerbating factors can be changed and improved upon. These factors can be altered and better taken care of by different groups that are all sharing these resources.[1]
An example of this process in motion is presented in the film Seadrift which talks about how Texas was changed in 1979. After the Vietnam war had ended there was an increasing amount of Vietnamese immigrants coming to the United States and populating these smaller towns. One town in particular called Seadrift, Texas had a dramatic increase in immigrants which instantly created conflict and change within the town. This represents the first stages of the theory behind marine and coastal conflict which is a driver of change such as an increase in population of the town. After the Vietnamese immigrated to the town the men ended up picking up one of the only paying jobs in the area which was a crab pot fisherman. Once the population of fisherman increased there was competition between both parties for the one targeted resource. What came along with this competition for the resource was some exacerbating factors that just increased the issues. The immigrants were treated unfairly in the town, in home life, along the docks, and while fishing. They were thought of as a threat to the wellbeing of the town and townsfolk because of all of the different racists assumptions being brought on through the Vietnam war. After all of these different factors came together; the driving of change in the area, the increased competition for fishing resources, the exacerbating factors driving the divide between both groups, there was extreme marine conflict between both parties. The conflict continued to intensify as other parties such as the KKK got involved threatening to burn down buildings and kill people. This all was eventually resolved through a civil rights lawsuit where the Southern Poverty Law Center asked the federal government to protect the Vietnamese immigrants from these hate groups such as the KKK.[5]
References
- ^ a b Alexander, Karen A. (2019). Conflicts over marine and coastal common resources. Routledge. ISBN 9781315206424.
- ^ "CRMC adopts changes to Ocean SAMP". www.crmc.ri.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
- ^ Kuffner, Alex. "R.I. fishermen critical of wind farm plan". providencejournal.com. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
- ^ "CRMC adopts changes to Ocean SAMP". www.crmc.ri.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
- ^ interviewee., Tsai, Tim, film producer, film director, editor of moving image work. Nguyẽ̂n, Băng (Băng Cherry), interviewee. Aplin-Martin, Beth, interviewee. Wilson, Diane, 1948- interviewee. Galloway, Ron, interviewee. Pham, Steve, interviewee. Nguyẽ̂n, Thé̂, interviewee. Hodges, Butch, interviewee. Hal, Bubba, interviewee. Surovik, Joe, Seadrift, OCLC 1192359088, retrieved 2021-04-07
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