Bodufenvaluge Sidi's book "Divehi Akuru" by Xavier Romero-Frias.
Brahmic scripts edit
The table below shows the consonant letters (incombination with inherent vowel a) and their arrangement. To the right of the letter it shows the scientific transcription (IAST), the phonetic value (IPA) and their Latin Javanese transliteration (if different)
| sparśa (Plosive) |
anunāsika (Nasal) |
antastha (Approximant) |
ūṣma/saṃghaṣhrī (Fricative) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voicing → | aghoṣa | ghoṣa | aghoṣa | ghoṣa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Aspiration → | alpaprāṇa | mahāprāṇa | alpaprāṇa | mahāprāṇa | alpaprāṇa | mahāprāṇa | ||||||||||||||||||
| kaṇṭhya (Guttural) |
क | ꦏ | ka /k/ |
ख | ꦑ | kha /kʰ/ |
ग | ꦒ | ga /ɡ/ |
घ | ꦓ | gha /ɡʱ/ |
ङ | ꦔ | ṅa /ŋ/ |
ह | ꦲ | ha /ɦ/ | ||||||
| tālavya (Palatal) |
च | ꦕ | ca /c, t͡ʃ/ |
छ | ꦖ | cha /cʰ, t͡ʃʰ/ |
ज | ꦗ | ja /ɟ, d͡ʒ/ |
झ | ꦙ | jha /ɟʱ, d͡ʒʱ/ |
ञ | ꦚ | ña /ɲ/ |
य | ꦪ | ya /j/ |
श | ꦯ | śa /ɕ, ʃ/ /sha/? |
|||
| mūrdhanya (Retroflex) |
ट | ꦛ | ṭa /ʈ/ /th/ |
ठ | ꦜ | ṭha /ʈʰ/ /ttha/ |
ड | ꦝ | ḍa /ɖ/ /dh/ |
ढ | ꦞ | ḍha /ɖʱ/ /ddha/ |
ण | ꦟ | ṇa /ɳ/ /nna/ |
र | ꦫ | ra /r/ |
ष | ꦰ | ṣa /ʂ/ /ssa/? | |||
| dantya (Dental) |
त | ꦠ | ta /t̪/ |
थ | ꦡ | tha /t̪ʰ/ tta |
द | ꦢ | da /d̪/ |
ध | ꦣ | dha /d̪ʱ/ dda |
न | ꦤ | na /n/ |
ल | ꦭ | la /l/ |
स | ꦱ | sa /s/ | |||
| oṣṭhya (Labial) |
प | ꦥ | pa /p/ |
फ | ꦦ | pha /pʰ/ |
ब | ꦧ | ba /b/ |
भ | ꦨ | bha /bʱ/ |
म | ꦩ | ma /m/ |
व | ꦮ | va /w, ʋ/ |
||||||
Family edit
Consonants edit
| ISO | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guttural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
क | ಕ | କ | ക | క | ક | ක | ਕ | ক | ক | க |  |
ꦏ | ᬓ | ᮊ | ᨀ | က | ក | ก | ກ | ᜃ | ཀ | ||
| ꦐ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
ख | ಖ | ଖ | ഖ | ఖ | ખ | ඛ | ਖ | খ | খ |  |
ꦑ | ᬔ | ခ | ខ | ข | ຂ | ཁ | ||||||
 |
ग | ಗ | ଗ | ഗ | గ | ગ | ග | ਗ | গ | গ |  |
ꦒ | ᬕ | ᮌ | ᨁ | ဂ | គ | ค | ຄ | ᜄ | ག | |||
 |
घ | ಘ | ଘ | ഘ | ఘ | ઘ | ඝ | ਘ | ঘ | ঘ |  |
ꦓ | ᬖ | ဃ | ឃ | ฆ | ||||||||
 |
ङ | ಙ | ଙ | ങ | ఙ | ઙ | ඞ | ਙ | ঙ | ঙ | ங |  |
ꦔ | ᬗ | ᮍ | ᨂ | င | ង | ง | ງ | ᜅ | ང | ||
| Palatal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
च | ಚ | ଚ | ച | చ | ચ | ච | ਚ | চ | চ | ச |  |
ꦕ | ᬘ | ᮎ | ᨌ | စ | ច | จ | ຈ | ཅ | |||
 |
छ | ಛ | ଛ | ഛ | ఛ | છ | ඡ | ਛ | ছ | ছ |  |
ꦖ | ᬙ | ဆ | ឆ | ฉ | ཆ | |||||||
 |
ज | ಜ | ଜ | ജ | జ | જ | ජ | ਜ | জ | জ | ஜ |  |
ꦗ | ᬚ | ᮏ | ᨍ | ဇ | ជ | ช | ຊ | ཇ | |||
 |
झ | ಝ | ଝ | ഝ | ఝ | ઝ | ඣ | ਝ | ঝ | ঝ |  |
ꦙ | ᬛ | ဈ | ឈ | ฌ | ||||||||
 |
ञ | ಞ | ଞ | ഞ | ఞ | ઞ | ඤ | ਞ | ঞ | ঞ | ஞ |  |
ꦚ | ᬜ | ᮑ | ᨎ | ဉ/ည | ញ | ญ | ຍ | ཉ | |||
| Retroflex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
ट | ಟ | ଟ | ട | ట | ટ | ට | ਟ | ট | ট | ட |  |
ꦛ | ᬝ | ဋ | ដ | ฏ | ཊ | ||||||
 |
ठ | ಠ | ଠ | ഠ | ఠ | ઠ | ඨ | ਠ | ঠ | ঠ |  |
ꦜ | ᬞ | ဌ | ឋ | ฐ | ཋ | |||||||
 |
ड | ಡ | ଡ | ഡ | డ | ડ | ඩ | ਡ | ড | ড |  |
ꦝ | ᬟ | ဍ | ឌ | ฑ | ཌ | |||||||
 |
ढ | ಢ | ଢ | ഢ | ఢ | ઢ | ඪ | ਢ | ঢ | ঢ |  |
ꦞ | ᬠ | ဎ | ឍ | ฒ | ||||||||
 |
ण | ಣ | ଣ | ണ | ణ | ણ | ණ | ਣ | ণ | ণ | ண |  |
ꦟ | ᬡ | ဏ | ណ | ณ | ཎ | ||||||
| Dental | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
त | ತ | ତ | ത | త | ત | ත | ਤ | ত | ত | த |  |
ꦠ | ᬢ | ᮒ | ᨈ | တ | ត | ต | ຕ | ᜆ | ཏ | ||
 |
थ | ಥ | ଥ | ഥ | థ | થ | ථ | ਥ | থ | থ |  |
ꦡ | ᬣ | ထ | ថ | ถ | ຖ | ཐ | ||||||
 |
द | ದ | ଦ | ദ | ద | દ | ද | ਦ | দ | দ |  |
ꦢ | ᬤ | ᮓ | ᨉ | ဒ | ទ | ท | ທ | ᜇ | ད | |||
 |
ध | ಧ | ଧ | ധ | ధ | ધ | ධ | ਧ | ধ | ধ |  |
ꦣ | ᬥ | ဓ | ធ | ธ | ||||||||
 |
न | ನ | ନ | ന | న | ન | න | ਨ | ন | ন | ந |  |
ꦤ | ᬦ | ᮔ | ᨊ | န | ន | น | ນ | ᜈ | ན | ||
| Labial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
प | ಪ | ପ | പ | ప | પ | ප | ਪ | প | প | ப |  |
ꦥ | ᬧ | ᮕ | ᨄ | ပ | ប | ป | ປ | ᜉ | པ | ||
 |
फ | ಫ | ଫ | ഫ | ఫ | ફ | ඵ | ਫ | ফ | ফ |  |
ꦦ | ᬨ | ဖ | ផ | ผ | ຜ | ཕ | ||||||
 |
ब | ಬ | ବ | ബ | బ | બ | බ | ਬ | ব | ব |  |
ꦧ | ᬩ | ᮘ | ᨅ | ဗ | ព | พ | ຟ | ᜊ | བ | |||
 |
भ | ಭ | ଭ | ഭ | భ | ભ | භ | ਭ | ভ | ভ |  |
ꦨ | ᬪ | ဘ | ភ | ภ | ພ | |||||||
| ꦘ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
म | ಮ | ମ | മ | మ | મ | ම | ਮ | ম | ম | ம |  |
ꦩ | ᬫ | ᮙ | ᨆ | မ | ម | ม | ມ | ᜋ | མ | ||
| Approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
य | ಯ | ୟ | യ | య | ય | ය | ਯ | য | য | ய |  |
ꦪ | ᬬ | ᮚ | ᨐ | ယ | យ | ย | ຢ | ᜌ | ཡ | ||
 |
र | ರ | ର | ര | ర | ર | ර | ਰ | ৰ | র | ர |  |
ꦫ | ᬭ | ᮛ | ᨑ | ရ | រ | ร | ຣ | ᜇ | ར ꦬ | ||
| ꦬ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ऱ | ಱ | ର଼ | റ | ఱ | ற | ꦉ | ||||||||||||||||||
| l |  |
ल | ಲ | ଲ | ല | ల | લ | ල | ਲ | ল | ল | ல |  |
ꦭ | ᬮ | ᮜ | ᨒ | လ | ល | ล | ລ | ᜎ | ལ | |
| ḷ |  |
ळ | ಳ | ଳ | ള | ళ | ળ | ළ | ਲ਼ | ள | ꦊ | ဠ | ឡ | ฬ | ||||||||||
| ḻ | ऴ | ೞ | ଳ଼ | ഴ | ழ | ꦋ | ၔ | |||||||||||||||||
| v/w |  |
व | ವ | ୱ | വ | వ | વ | ව | ਵ | ৱ | வ |  |
ꦮ | ᬯ | ᮝ | ᨓ | ဝ | វ | ว | ວ | ཝ | |||
| Fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ś |  |
श | ಶ | ଶ | ശ | శ | શ | ශ | ਸ਼ | শ | শ | ஶ |  |
ꦯ | ᬰ | ၐ | ឝ | ศ | ཤ | |||||
| ṣ |  |
ष | ಷ | ଷ | ഷ | ష | ષ | ෂ | ষ | ষ | ஷ |  |
ꦰ | ᬱ | ၑ | ឞ | ษ | ཥ | ||||||
| s |  |
स | ಸ | ସ | സ | స | સ | ස | ਸ | স | স | ஸ |  |
ꦱ | ᬲ | ᮞ | ᨔ | သ | ស | ส | ສ | ᜐ | ས | |
| h |  |
ह | ಹ | ହ | ഹ | హ | હ | හ | ਹ | হ | হ | ஹ |  |
ꦲ | ᬳ | ᮠ | ᨕ | ဟ | ហ | ห | ຫ | ᜑ | ཧ |
| ISO | k | kh | g | gh | ṅ | c | ch | j | jh | ñ | ṭ | ṭh | ḍ | ḍh | ṇ | t | th | d | dh | n | ṉ | p | ph | b | bh | m | y | r | ṟ | l | ḷ | ḻ | v | ś | ṣ | s | h |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oriya | କ | ଖ | ଗ | ଘ | ଙ | ଚ | ଛ | ଜ | ଝ | ଞ | ଟ | ଠ | ଡ | ଢ | ଣ | ତ | ଥ | ଦ | ଧ | ନ | ନ଼ | ପ | ଫ | ବ | ଭ | ମ | ୟ | ର | ର଼ | ଲ | ଳ | ଳ଼ | ୱ | ଶ | ଷ | ସ | ହ |
| Assamese | ক | খ | গ | ঘ | ঙ | চ | ছ | জ | ঝ | ঞ | ট | ঠ | ড | ঢ | ণ | ত | থ | দ | ধ | ন | প | ফ | ব | ভ | ম | য | ৰ | ল | ৱ | শ | ষ | স | হ | ||||
| Bengali | ক | খ | গ | ঘ | ঙ | চ | ছ | জ | ঝ | ঞ | ট | ঠ | ড | ঢ | ণ | ত | থ | দ | ধ | ন | প | ফ | ব | ভ | ম | য | র | ল | শ | ষ | স | হ | |||||
| Devanagari | क | ख | ग | घ | ङ | च | छ | ज | झ | ञ | ट | ठ | ड | ढ | ण | त | थ | द | ध | न | ऩ | प | फ | ब | भ | म | य | र | ऱ | ल | ळ | ऴ | व | श | ष | स | ह |
| Gujarati | ક | ખ | ગ | ઘ | ઙ | ચ | છ | જ | ઝ | ઞ | ટ | ઠ | ડ | ઢ | ણ | ત | થ | દ | ધ | ન | પ | ફ | બ | ભ | મ | ય | ર | લ | ળ | વ | શ | ષ | સ | હ | |||
| Gurmukhi | ਕ | ਖ | ਗ | ਘ | ਙ | ਚ | ਛ | ਜ | ਝ | ਞ | ਟ | ਠ | ਡ | ਢ | ਣ | ਤ | ਥ | ਦ | ਧ | ਨ | ਪ | ਫ | ਬ | ਭ | ਮ | ਯ | ਰ | ਲ | ਲ਼ | ਵ | ਸ਼ | ਸ | ਹ | ||||
| Tibetan | ཀ | ཁ | ག | ང | ཅ | ཆ | ཇ | ཉ | ཊ | ཋ | ཌ | ཎ | ཏ | ཐ | ད | ན | པ | ཕ | བ | མ | ཡ | ར | ལ | ཝ | ཤ | ཥ | ས | ཧ | |||||||||
| Brahmi | |
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| Telugu | క | ఖ | గ | ఘ | ఙ | చ | ఛ | జ | ఝ | ఞ | ట | ఠ | డ | ఢ | ణ | త | థ | ద | ధ | న | ప | ఫ | బ | భ | మ | య | ర | ఱ | ల | ళ | వ | శ | ష | స | హ | ||
| Kannada | ಕ | ಖ | ಗ | ಘ | ಙ | ಚ | ಛ | ಜ | ಝ | ಞ | ಟ | ಠ | ಡ | ಢ | ಣ | ತ | ಥ | ದ | ಧ | ನ | ಪ | ಫ | ಬ | ಭ | ಮ | ಯ | ರ | ಱ | ಲ | ಳ | ೞ | ವ | ಶ | ಷ | ಸ | ಹ | |
| Sinhala | ක | ඛ | ග | ඝ | ඞ | ච | ඡ | ජ | ඣ | ඤ | ට | ඨ | ඩ | ඪ | ණ | ත | ථ | ද | ධ | න | ප | ඵ | බ | භ | ම | ය | ර | ල | ළ | ව | ශ | ෂ | ස | හ | |||
| Malayalam | ക | ഖ | ഗ | ഘ | ങ | ച | ഛ | ജ | ഝ | ഞ | ട | ഠ | ഡ | ഢ | ണ | ത | ഥ | ദ | ധ | ന | ഩ | പ | ഫ | ബ | ഭ | മ | യ | ര | റ | ല | ള | ഴ | വ | ശ | ഷ | സ | ഹ |
| Tamil | க | ங | ச | ஜ | ஞ | ட | ண | த | ந | ன | ப | ம | ய | ர | ற | ல | ள | ழ | வ | ஶ | ஷ | ஸ | ஹ | ||||||||||||||
| Burmese | က | ခ | ဂ | ဃ | င | စ | ဆ | ဇ | ဈ | ဉ/ည | ဋ | ဌ | ဍ | ဎ | ဏ | တ | ထ | ဒ | ဓ | န | ပ | ဖ | ဗ | ဘ | မ | ယ | ရ | လ | ဠ | ၔ | ဝ | ၐ | ၑ | သ | ဟ | ||
| Khmer | ក | ខ | គ | ឃ | ង | ច | ឆ | ជ | ឈ | ញ | ដ | ឋ | ឌ | ឍ | ណ | ត | ថ | ទ | ធ | ន | ប | ផ | ព | ភ | ម | យ | រ | ល | ឡ | វ | ឝ | ឞ | ស | ហ | |||
| Thai | ก | ข | ค | ฆ | ง | จ | ฉ | ช | ฌ | ญ | ฏ | ฐ | ฑ | ฒ | ณ | ต | ถ | ท | ธ | น | ป | ผ | พ | ภ | ม | ย | ร | ล | ฬ | ว | ศ | ษ | ส | ห | |||
| Lao | ກ | ຂ | ຄ | ງ | ຈ | ຊ | ຍ | ຕ | ຖ | ທ | ນ | ປ | ຜ | ຟ | ພ | ມ | ຢ | ຣ | ລ | ວ | ສ | ຫ | |||||||||||||||
| Balinese | ᬓ | ᬔ | ᬕ | ᬖ | ᬗ | ᬘ | ᬙ | ᬚ | ᬛ | ᬜ | ᬝ | ᬞ | ᬟ | ᬠ | ᬡ | ᬢ | ᬣ | ᬤ | ᬥ | ᬦ | ᬧ | ᬨ | ᬩ | ᬪ | ᬫ | ᬬ | ᬭ | ᬮ | ᬯ | ᬰ | ᬱ | ᬲ | ᬳ | ||||
| Javanese | ꦏ | ꦑ | ꦒ | ꦓ | ꦔ | ꦕ | ꦖ | ꦗ | ꦙ | ꦚ | ꦛ | ꦜ | ꦝ | ꦞ | ꦟ | ꦠ | ꦡ | ꦢ | ꦣ | ꦤ | ꦘ | ꦥ | ꦦ | ꦧ | ꦨ | ꦩ | ꦪ | ꦫ | ꦉ | ꦭ | ꦊ | ꦋ | ꦮ | ꦯ | ꦰ | ꦱ | ꦲ |
| Sundanese | ᮊ | ᮌ | ᮍ | ᮎ | ᮏ | ᮑ | ᮒ | ᮓ | ᮔ | ᮕ | ᮘ | ᮙ | ᮚ | ᮛ | ᮜ | ᮝ | ᮞ | ᮠ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Buginese | ᨀ | ᨁ | ᨂ | ᨌ | ᨍ | ᨎ | ᨈ | ᨉ | ᨊ | ᨄ | ᨅ | ᨆ | ᨐ | ᨑ | ᨒ | ᨓ | ᨔ | ᨕ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Baybayin | ᜃ | ᜄ | ᜅ | ᜆ | ᜇ | ᜈ | ᜉ | ᜊ | ᜋ | ᜌ | ᜇ | ᜎ | ᜐ | ᜑ |
