"The DNA sequences used in the construction of recombinant DNA molecules can originate from any species. For example, plant DNA may be joined to bacterial DNA, or human DNA may be joined with fungal DNA. In addition, DNA sequences that do not occur anywhere in nature may be created by the chemical synthesis of DNA, and incorporated into recombinant molecules. Using recombinant DNA technology and synthetic DNA, literally any DNA sequence may be created and introduced into any of a very wide range of living organisms."
The construction of recombinant DNA molecules may contain DNA sequences originating from any species. For example, plant DNA may be joined to bacterial DNA. Additionally, DNA sequences that do not occur in nature may be created by Oligonucleotide synthesis and incorporated into recombinant molecules.
Recombinant DNA is used in research for cystic fibrosis, so this can be added among the list of uses in the article. This additional subsection could read something like, "Gene therapy is under development for treatment of cystic fibrosis. While few attempts have reached clinical efficacy, current studies like the UK Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium are working to use recombinant DNA methods to establish the clinical benefits of gene therapy in cystic fibrosis treatment. [1]
"Following transplantation into the host organism, the foreign DNA contained within the recombinant DNA construct may or may not be expressed. That is, the DNA may simply be replicated without expression, or it may be transcribed and translated and a recombinant protein is produced. Generally speaking, expression of a foreign gene requires restructuring the gene to include sequences that are required for producing an mRNA molecule that can be used by the host's translational apparatus (e.g. promoter, translational initiation signal, and transcriptional terminator).[7] Specific changes to the host organism may be made to improve expression of the ectopic gene. In addition, changes may be needed to the coding sequences as well, to optimize translation, make the protein soluble, direct the recombinant protein to the proper cellular or extracellular location, and stabilize the protein from degradation.[8]"
"After transplantation into the host organism, the foreign DNA fragment contained within the recombinant DNA construct may or may not be expressed. The DNA may simply be replicated without expression, or it may be transcribed and translated so that a recombinant protein is produced. Generally speaking, expression of a foreign gene requires restructuring the gene to include sequences that are required for producing an mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule is then used by the host's translational apparatus (e.g. promoter, translational initiation signal, and transcriptional terminator). [2] Specific changes to the host organism may be made to improve expression of the ectopic gene. Changes to the coding sequences may be needed as well to optimize translation, make the protein soluble, direct the recombinant protein to the proper location, or stabilize the protein from degradation.[3]"
The construction of recombinant DNA molecules may contain DNA sequences originating from any species. For example, plant DNA may be joined to bacterial DNA. Additionally, DNA sequences that do not occur in nature may be created by Oligonucleotide synthesis and incorporated into recombinant molecules.
Through the use of recombinant DNA technology and synthetic DNA almost any DNA sequence can be created. These DNA sequences may then be introduced into a large range of living organisms.
A multitude of DNA sequences may be creates and introduced into a very wide range of living organisms.
Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome. The construction of recombinant DNA is possible due to the universality of the genetic code.
Recombinant DNA is the general name for a piece of DNA that has been created in vitro by the combination of at least two DNA strands from different sources. Recombinant DNA molecules are sometimes called chimeric DNA, because they can be made of material from two difference species, like the mythical chimera (mythology). Bacterial plasmids are a popular form of cloning vector. To form a recombinant DNA molecule, the host vector and donor DNA both contain a specific palindromic sequence called a restriction site that attracts the same restriction enzyme. The enzyme cuts the strand into DNA fragments, each containing sticky (cohesive) or blunt ends. The host and donor ends are then bonded by another enzyme, DNA ligase, to form the new recombinant DNA molecule.[4][5][6].
The construction of recombinant DNA molecules may contain DNA sequences originating from any species. For example, plant DNA may be joined to bacterial DNA. Additionally, DNA sequences that do not occur in nature may be created by Oligonucleotide synthesis and incorporated into recombinant molecules. A multitude of DNA sequences may be created, and these DNA sequences may be introduced into a large range of living organisms.
- ^ Burney, Tabinda J; Davies, Jane C (29 May 2012). "Gene therapy for the treatment of cystic fibrosis". The Application of Clinical Genetics. pp. 29–36. doi:10.2147/TACG.S8873. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Hannig, G.; Makrides, S. (1998). "Strategies for optimizing heterologous protein expression in Escherichia coli". Trends in Biotechnology. 16 (2): 54–60. doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01155-4. PMID 9487731.
- ^ Brondyk, W. H. (2009). "Chapter 11 Selecting an Appropriate Method for Expressing a Recombinant Protein". Methods in enzymology. Methods in Enzymology. 463: 131–147. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(09)63011-1. ISBN 9780123745361. PMID 19892171.
- ^ Pingoud, A., & Jeltsch, A. (2001). Structure and function of type II restriction endonucleases. Nucleic Acids Research, 29(18), 3705-3727.
- ^ Doi, N., Kumadaki, S., Oishi, Y., Matsumura, N., & Yanagawa, H. (2004). In vitro selection of restriction endonucleases by in vitro compartmentalization. Nucleic Acids Research, 32(12), e95. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gnh096
- ^ Ryu, J., & Rowsell, E. (2008). Quick identification of type I restriction enzyme isoschizomers using newly developed pTypeI and reference plasmids. Nucleic Acids Research, 36(13), 1. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn056