User:柳漫/Romanization of Nankinese

Romanization of Nankinese, also known as Nankinese Pinyin (simplified Chinese: 南京话拼音; traditional Chinese: 南京話拼音; pinyin: Nánjīnghuà pīnyīn; Nanjing: Lang²jin¹hua⁴ Pin¹in¹) is a romanization system specifically designed for the Nanjing dialect of Jianghuai Mandarin. It is mostly used in Nanjing dialect dictionaries, such as the Dialect Dictionary, and input method. Nankinese Pinyin has features of both German alphabet and Hanyu Pinyin. The latter is the only Chinese romanization system formally taught within the People's Republic of China, for convenience amongst users. However, there is also the problem that it is unable to match the phonology of Nankinese with complete precision, as there are many differences between Nankinese and Standard Chinese in phonology.

Scheme

Initials

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Velar
Plosive	unaspirated	b [p]	d [t]			g [k]
	aspirated	p [pʰ]	t [tʰ]			k [kʰ]
Nasal		m [m]
Affricate	unaspirated		z [ts]	zh [ʈʂ]	j [tɕ]
	aspirated		c [tsʰ]	ch [ʈʂʰ]	q [tɕʰ]
Fricative	Voiceless	f [f]	s [s]	sh [ʂ]	x [ɕ]	h [x]
	Voiced			r [ʐ]
Liquid			l [l]

Finals

On the left side of each IPA symbol in the table below are the letters which correspond to their respective sounds in the romanization of Nankinese, and sample Chinese characters with that syllable rime are on the right side:

medial->	i[i]	u[u]	ü[y]
/Ø/	i[i] 一*、衣	u[u] 物*、務	ü[y] 育*、 語
a[a] 阿*、啊	ia[ia] 壓*、鴉	ua[ua] 挖*、蛙
ä[ɛ] 額*、愛	iä[iɛ]娾	uä[uɛ] 瓁*、外
e[e] 車[ʈʂʰ-]	ie[ie] 業*、夜		üe[ye] 月*、𦚢
ei[əɪ] 被[p-]		uei[uəɪ] 為
ao[ɔ] 奧	iao[iɔ] 搖
ou[əɯ] 歐	iou[iəɯ] 又
o[o] 惡*、餓	io[io] 約*
ang[ã] 安	iang[iã] 陽	uang[uã] 灣
än[ẽ] 仙[ɕ-]	iän[iẽ] 演		üän[yẽ] 冤
in[iŋ] 印			üin[yiŋ] 運
ong[oŋ] 嗡	iong[ioŋ]用
en[əŋ] 恩		uen[uəŋ] 問
er[ɚ] 而
y[ɿ] 死[s-]
r[ʅ]日*、恥[tʂʰ-]

notice

“*” means 5th tone – entering tone。

Tones

The romanization system uses superscript numbers to mark the five tones of Nanjing dialect. The number is placed on the top right corner of every syllable, where "1" stands for the first tone, "2" stands for the second tone, and so forth.

Reference

Category:Romanization of Chinese Category:Phonetic alphabets Category:Phonetic guides Category:Pinyin