Uppland Runic Inscription 130 or U 130 is the Rundata catalog listing for a Viking Age memorial runic inscription which is located at Nora, which is in Danderyd, Stockholm County, Sweden, and in the historic province of Uppland. The runic text directly refers to an estate held in an allodial title.
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Description edit
The inscription on U 130 consists of runic text in the younger futhark that is carved on a serpent that forms a circle. A cross is in the center of the inscription. The inscription, which is on a rock-face and is 1.9 meters tall by 1.54 meters wide, is classified as being carved in runestone style Pr4, which is also known as Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks. This stone is considered to be a "good example" of an inscription in style Pr4.[1] Based upon stylistic analysis, the inscription has been attributed to a runemaster with the normalized name of Åsmund Kåresson.[2] Åsmund was active in the first half of the 11th century in Uppland.
The runic text states that the inscription was a memorial sponsored by a man named Bjôrn in memory of his brother Óleifr, who died as a result of some form of betrayal.[3] The brother's death took place in Finnheiðr or Finnveden, which is a former district in Småland. Other runestones that mention Finnveden include Sm 35 in Replösa and Sm 52 in Forsheda allmänning.[4][5] U 130 is also a public record which resolves the legal issue of the inheritance of a farm located in Elgjastaðir or the modern village of Älgesta in Husby-Ärlinghundra parish, which the text states was held through an allodial title by Bjôrn as the family inheritance from his father Finnviðr. Under an allodial right, a member of a family had first rights to purchase a farm, and if the farm was sold to a stranger a family member could within a certain number of years redeem the property at the original sale price plus the cost of any improvements. It has been suggested that the inscription at Nora means that the two brothers owned two farms, one at Nora and the other thirty kilometers north at Älgesta.[6] The runes suno on the stone, which translate as "sons at," follow the rule that double letters are represented with only a single letter, even if one of the two letters are at the end of one word and the second is at the beginning of the next word.[7] The transliteration of the runic text for these words, suno| |o, shows word divisions and a separate o-rune for each of the two words.
The inscription is known locally as the Norahällen. Bjôrn, the sponsor of U 130, would later raise another runestone, U 433 which was found at the church in Husby-Ärlinghundra, in memory of himself.[3]
Inscription edit
ᛒᛁᚢᚱᚿ
biurn
Biorn,
'
'
ᚠᛁᚿᚢᛁᚦᛆᛦ
finuiþaʀ
Finnviðaʀ
ᛋᚢᚿ
sun
sunn,
ᛚᛁᛏ
lit
let
'
'
ᚼᛆᚢᚴᛆ
haukua
hoggva
'
'
ᚼᛁᛚᛁ
hili
hælli
ᚦᛁᛋᛆ
þisa
þessa
'
'
ᛆᚠᛏᛁᛦ
aftiʀ
æftiʀ
ᚢᛚᛆᛁᚠ
ulaif
Olæif,
ᛒᚱᚢᚦᚢᚱ
bruþur
broður
ᛋᛁᚿ
sin
sinn.
'
'
ᚼᚭᚿ
hon
Hann
ᚢᛆᚱᚦ
uarþ
varð
ᛋᚢᛁᚴᚢᛁᚿ
suikuin
svikvinn
ᚭ
o
a
ᚠᛁᚿᛆ ᛁᚦᛁ
f(i)(n)aiþi
Finnæiði.
'
'
ᚴᚢᚦ
kuþ
Guð
ᚼᛁᛆᛚᛒᛁ
hialbi
hialpi
ᚭᚿ
on
and
ᚼᚭᚿᛋ
hons
hans.
'
'
ᛁᛦ
iʀ
Eʀ
ᚦᛁᛋᛁ
þisi
þessi
ᛒᛁᛦ
biʀ
byʀ
'
'
ᚦᛆᛁᛦᛆ
þaiʀa
þæiʀa
ᚢᚦᛆᛚ
uþal
oðal
ᚢᚴ
uk
ok
ᛆᛏᚱᚠᛁ
at(r)fi
ættærfi,
'
'
ᚠᛁᚿᚢᚦᛆᛦ
finuþaʀ
Finnviðaʀ
ᛋᚢᚿᚭ
suno| |o
suna a
ᛁᛚᚼᛁᛆᛋᛏᛆᚦᚢᛘ
ilhiastaþum
Ælgiastaðum.
Bjǫrn, Finnviðr's son, had this rock-slab cut in memory of Óleifr, his brother. He was betrayed at Finnheiðr. May God help his spirit. This estate is the allodial land and family inheritance of Finnviðr's sons at Elgjastaðir.[8]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Gräslund, Anne-Sophie (2006), "Dating the Swedish Viking-Age Rune Stones on Stylistic Grounds", Runes and Their Secrets: Studies in Runology, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, pp. 117–140, ISBN 87-635-0428-6 p. 123.
- ^ Thompson, Claiborne W. (1975). Studies in Upplandic Runography. University of Texas Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-292-77511-3.
- ^ a b Zilmer, Kristel (2005). "He Drowned in Holmr's Sea": Baltic Traffic in Early Nordic Sources (PDF) (Thesis). Tartu University Press. p. 104. ISBN 9949-11-090-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
- ^ Jesch, Judith (2001). Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age: The Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-85115-826-6.
- ^ Wessén, Elias (1969). "Nordiska Folkstammar och Folknamn: en Översikt" (PDF). Fornvännen. 64. Swedish National Heritage Board: 14–36. ISSN 1404-9430. Retrieved 26 December 2011. p. 35.
- ^ Larsson, Mats G. (1995). "Recensioner (book review)" (PDF). Fornvännen. 90. Swedish National Heritage Board: 278–281. ISSN 1404-9430. Retrieved 26 December 2011. pp. 279-280.
- ^ Page, Raymond Ian (1987). Runes. University of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-520-06114-4.
- ^ Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk - Rundata entry for U 130.