The topazes are two species of hummingbirds in the genus Topaza. They are found in humid forests in the Amazon Basin. Males are by far the largest hummingbirds in their range – the giant hummingbird of the Andes is the only larger species in the family. Males have a total length of about 22 cm (8+3⁄4 in), although this includes their elongated rectrices. They are colourful, being mainly strongly iridescent golden and crimson with a black hood and a green throat. Females lack the elongated rectrices and have a mainly green plumage.[1]
| Topaz | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Crimson topaz (Topaza pella) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Trochilidae |
| Subfamily: | Florisuginae |
| Genus: | Topaza G.R. Gray, 1840 |
| Type species | |
| Trochilus pella Linnaeus, 1758
| |
| Species | |
|
2, see text | |
Taxonomy
editThe genus Topaz was introduced by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840 with the crimson topaz as the type species.[2][3] The genus contains two species, the crimson topaz and the fiery topaz.[4] Although generally considered to be distinct species, they have in the past been thought to be conspecific by some authors.[5]
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crimson topaz
|
Topaza pella Linnaeus, 1758 Three subspecies
|
Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
|
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Fiery topaz
|
Topaza pyra Gould, 1846 Three subspecies
|
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
|
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
;_Manacapuru,_Amazonas,_Brazil_(cropped).jpg)
References
edit- ^ "Crimson topaz (Topaza pella)". Oiseaux Birds. 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ^ Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 13.
- ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 92.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
- ^ Hu, Da-Shih; Joseph, Leo; Agro, David (2000). "Distribution, Variation and Taxonomy of Topaza Hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae)" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropica. 11: 123–142.
Further reading
edit- Restall, R., C. Rodner, & M. Lentino (2006). Birds of Northern South America. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-7243-9 (vol. 1), ISBN 0-7136-7242-0 (vol. 2).
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