The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Livorno in the Tuscany region of Italy.
Prior to 20th century edit
- 1077 - Matilda of Tuscany tower built.[1]
- 1284 - Naval Battle of Meloria (1284) fought near Livorno with the win of Genoa.
- 1303 - Livorno Lighthouse (Fanale dei Pisani) built.[1]
- 1399 - Livorno sold by Pisa to the Visconti.[2]
- 1407 - Livorno becomes part of the Republic of Genoa.[3]
- 1421 - Livorno becomes part of the Republic of Florence.[3]
- 1423 - Torre del Marzocco (tower) built.[3]
- 1551 - Population: 749.[3]
- 1571 - Port of Livorno construction begins.[2]
- 1575 - Pisa-Livorno Navicelli channel created.
- 1603 - Synagogue of Livorno built.
- 1606
- Livorno attains city status.[3]
- Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi built.[2]
- 1626 - Monument of the Four Moors erected in the Piazza Micheli.[4]
- 1630 - Venezia Nuova area development begins.[4]
- 1645 - Old English Cemetery, Livorno established (until 1838).
- 1653 - 4 March: Naval battle fought near city during the First Anglo-Dutch War.
- 1691 - Port declared Free port.[3]
- 1718 - Status as free port confirmed in the War of the Quadruple Alliance.[3]
- 1742 - Earthquake.[5](it)
- 1796 - French forces enter city.[6]
- 1806 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Livorno established.[7]
- 1813 - Attempted siege of Livorno by British and Italian forces.[6]
- 1816 - Biblioteca Labronica (library) founded.[8]
- 1825
- Società medica di Livorno founded.[9]
- "British 'factory'" closes.[3]
- 1840 - New Walls of Livorno built.[4]
- 1842 - Cisternone (Livorno) built.[4]
- 1847 - Teatro Carlo Goldoni (Livorno) (theatre) opens.
- 1848 - Cisternino di città built.
- 1849 - May: Siege of Livorno by Austrian forces during the First Italian War of Independence.[6]
- 1856 - Santa Maria del Soccorso, Livorno opened.
- 1857 - June: Fire.[6]
- 1867 - Livorno–Rome railway opened.[3]
- 1868 - Livorno's free port status ends.[2][3]
- 1871 - Population: 97,096.[10]
- 1872 - Chamber of Commerce headquartered in the Palazzo della Dogana.
- 1881 - Italian Naval Academy established.
- 1899 - City Archive opens on Via Borra.[11]
20th century edit
- 1901 - Population: 78,308.[3]
- 1911 - Population: 105,315.[12]
- 1915 - A.S. Livorno Calcio (football club) formed.
- 1920 - Scuola Labronica artists' group formed.[4]
- 1921 - January: 1st Congress of the Communist Party of Italy held in Livorno.
- 1935
- Ferrovia Pisa-Tirrenia-Livorno (railway) begins operating.
- Stadio Edda Ciano Mussolini (stadium) opens.
- 1940 - Bombing of Livorno (1940-1945) in World War II begins.[13]
- 1942 - Palazzo del Governo (Livorno) built.
- 1943 - City bombed by allied forces in World War II; cathedral demolished.[2]
- 1944
- Bombing by allied forces.[2]
- Furio Diaz becomes mayor.[13]
- 1945 - Bombing of Livorno ends.
- 1953 - Cathedral reconstructed.
- 1954 - Nicola Badaloni becomes mayor.
- 1962 - New Synagogue of Livorno built.[13]
- 1978 - Il Tirreno newspaper in publication.[14]
- 1985 - May: Tuscan communal election, 1985 held.
- 1992 - Gianfranco Lamberti becomes mayor.
- 1994 - Museo civico Giovanni Fattori (museum) moves into the Villa Mimbelli.
21st century edit
- 2004 - Alessandro Cosimi becomes mayor.
- 2013 - Population: 156,998.[15]
- 2014 - Filippo Nogarin becomes mayor.
- 2015 - Population: 159,431[16]
- 2015 - 31 May: Tuscan regional election, 2015 held.
- 2019 - Luca Salvetti becomes mayor.
See also edit
- History of Livorno and Timeline (in Italian)
- List of mayors of Livorno
- History of Tuscany
Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:(it)
- Timeline of Ancona, Marche region
- Timeline of Arezzo, Tuscany region
- Timeline of Florence, Tuscany
- Timeline of Lucca, Tuscany
- Timeline of Perugia, Umbria region
- Timeline of Pisa, Tuscany
- Timeline of Pistoia, Tuscany
- Timeline of Prato, Tuscany
- Timeline of Rome, Lazio region
- Timeline of Siena, Tuscany
References edit
- ^ a b "Chronology of Livorno". Leghorn Merchant Networks. 11 November 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Domenico 2002.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e Cornelia Danielson. "Livorno". Oxford Art Online.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|url=(help) Retrieved 15 December 2016 - ^ Mario Baratta [in Italian] (1901). I terremoti d'Italia [Earthquakes in Italy] (in Italian). Turin: Fratelli Bocca. (includes chronology)
- ^ a b c d Haydn 1910.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ "(Comune: Livorno)". Anagrafe delle biblioteche italiane [Registry of Italian Libraries)] (in Italian). Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
- ^ Piombanti 1903.
- ^ Hunter, Brian; Paxton, John; Steinberg, S. H.; Epstein, Mortimer; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Keltie, John Scott; Martin, Frederick (1873). "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590360.
- ^ Ezio Papa. "Storia dell'Archivio" (in Italian). Comune di Livorno. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
- ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374.
- ^ a b c Noce 2004.
- ^ "Italy". Western Europe. Regional Surveys of the World (5th ed.). Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-152-0.
- ^ "Resident Population". Demo-Geodemo. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ Istat
This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.
Bibliography edit
in English edit
- John Ramsay McCulloch (1877), "Leghorn", A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, Hugh G. Reid, ed., London: Longmans, Green, and Co., hdl:2027/njp.32101079877088
- Ismar Elbogen (1904), "Leghorn", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 7, New York, hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282250
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Ashby, Thomas (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). pp. 377–378.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Leghorn", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t
- Roy Domenico (2002). "Tuscany: Livorno". Regions of Italy: a Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood. pp. 329+. ISBN 0313307334.
in Italian edit
- Giuseppe Vivoli (1842), Annali di Livorno (in Italian) 1842-
- P. Volpi, Guida del Forestiere per la città e contorni di Livorno, 1846.
- Giuseppe Piombanti (1903). Guida storica ed artistica della città e dei dintorni di Livorno (in Italian). Bologna: Forni.
- P. Vigo, Livorno. Aspetti storici-artistici, Bergamo 1915.
- "Livorno", Enciclopedia Italiana, 1934
- G. Nudi. Storia urbanistica di Livorno: Dalle origini al secolo XVI (Venice, 1959)
- L. Bortolotti. Livorno dal 1748 al 1958: Profilo storico-urbanistico (Florence, 1970)
- A. Melosi, Resistenza, dopoguerra e ricostruzione a Livorno. 1944/48, S. Giovanni in Persiceto (Bo) 1984.
- D. Matteoni (1985), Livorno, Le città nella storia d'Italia (in Italian)
- Tiziana Noce (2004). Nella città degli uomini: donne e pratica della politica a Livorno fra guerra e ricostruzione (in Italian). Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino Editore. ISBN 978-88-498-0843-8.
- A. Santini, 400 anni di Livorno, Pisa 2006.
- A. Prosperi (a cura di), Livorno 1606–1806. Luogo di incontro tra popoli e culture, Torino, Allemandi, 2009.
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Livorno.
- Archivio di Stato di Livorno (state archives)
- Items related to Livorno, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Livorno, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)