The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cienfuegos, Cuba.
Prior to 20th century
edit- 1494 - Christopher Columbus visited Cienfuegos Bay.
- 1745 - Castillo de Jagua (fort) built.[1]
- 1819
- April 22: Fernandina de Jagua founded by Luis de Clouet in Spanish colonial Captaincy General of Cuba.[1][2]
- December: Population: 231.[2]
- 1825 - Town "destroyed by a hurricane and rebuilt". [1]
- 1829 - Town renamed "Villa de Cienfuegos."[2]
- 1831 - Town coat of arms designed.[2]
- 1833 - Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Cathedral first completed.
- 1844 - Governor's house built.[1]
- 1880 - Cienfuegos becomes a city.[2]
- 1890 - Tomás Terry Theatre opens.[3]
- 1892 - Population: 27,430.[4]
- 1898
- La Correspondencia newspaper begins publication.[5]
- Two vessels of the United States fleet under Admiral Schley blockaded the port. [1]
- 1899 - Population: 30,038 city; 59,128 district; 356,536 province.[6]
20th century
edit- 1901 - Jardín Botánico de Cienfuegos founded.
- 1903
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Cienfuegos established.[7]
- Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Cathedral became a cathedral.
- 1907 - Population: 30,100 city; 70,416 municipality.[1] [8]
- 1911 - Teatro Luisa opens.[3]
- 1913 - Tivoli Gardens (theatre) opens.[3]
- 1917 - Palacio de Valle (an historic villa) completed.
- 1919 - Population: 95,865.[9]
- 1933 - Carlos Rafael Rodríguez becomes mayor.[10]
- 1935 - Biblioteca Municipal (library) established.[11]
- 1939 - Orquesta Aragón dance band formed.[12]
- 1957
- Political unrest.[2][13]
- Naval mutiny at Cienfuegos
- 1959 - Armed conflict between government and counterrevolutionaries begins.[2]
- 1965 - Armed conflict between government and counterrevolutionaries ends.[2]
- 1966 - Population: 89,000.[14]
- 1976
- November 2: Municipal election held, the first since 1959.[15]
- Cienfuegos Province established (previously part of Las Villas Province).[15]
- Archivo Histórico Provincial de Cienfuegos (archives) established.[16]
- 1980 - Carlos Marx cement plant begins operating.[17]
- 1983 - Juragua Nuclear Power Plant construction begins.
- 1984 - Population: 107,850 (estimate).[18]
- 1999 - Population: 137,513 city; 395,100 province.[19]
21st century
edit- 2005
- July: Hurricane Dennis occurs.
- Historic Centre of Cienfuegos designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- 2014 - Population: 149,129.[20]
See also
edit- Cienfuegos history
- Timelines of other cities in Cuba: Camagüey, Guantánamo, Havana, Holguín, Matanzas, Santiago de Cuba
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g h García Martínez 2012.
- ^ a b c "Movie Theaters in Cienfuegos, Cuba". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles, USA: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
- ^ "Spain: Colonies: Cuba and Porto Rico". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1895. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368325.
- ^ "Cuba: Cienfuegos", American Newspaper Annual, Philadelphia: N.W. Ayer & Son, 1902
- ^ War Department (1900). Census of Cuba, 1899. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Cuba". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
- ^ Victor H. Olmsted; Henry Gannett, eds. (1909). Cuba: Population, History and Resources 1907. Washington DC: United States Bureau of the Census.
- ^ "Cuba". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ Ronald Hilton (1951). Cuba, Dominican Republic and Haiti. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0757-2. OCLC 27702105.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Miguel Viciedo Valdés (2005), "Breve reseña sobre la biblioteca pública en Cuba antes de 1959", Acimed (in Spanish), vol. 14, no. 1, Havana: Centro Nacional de Informacion de Ciencias Medicas, ISSN 1024-9435
- ^ Rebecca M. Bodenheimer (2015). Geographies of Cubanidad: Place, Race, and Musical Performance in Contemporary Cuba. USA: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-62674-684-8.
- ^ García Martínez 2007.
- ^ Alfonso González (1971). "Population of Cuba". Caribbean Studies. 11 (2). University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus: 74–84. JSTOR 25612382.
- ^ a b Leslie Bethell, ed. (1990). Latin America Since 1930: Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24518-0.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ García Martínez 2003.
- ^ Irving Louis Horowitz, ed. (1995). Cuban Communism 1959-1995 (8th ed.). Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-2089-9.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2002. Europa Publications. 2001. ISBN 978-1-85743-121-6.
- ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2014. United Nations Statistics Division.
Bibliography
edit- in English
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 364.
- Cederlöf, Gustav (2019). "The Revolutionary City: Socialist Urbanisation and Nuclear Modernity in Cienfuegos, Cuba" (PDF). Journal of Latin American Studies. 52: 53–76. doi:10.1017/S0022216X19000920.
- Orlando F. García Martínez (2012), "Cienfuegos", in Alan West-Durán (ed.), Cuba, Charles Scribner's Sons, ISBN 978-0684316819
- in Spanish
- Enrique Edo (1861). Memoria histórica de la villa de Cienfuegos y su jurisdicción (in Spanish). Cienfuegos: Imp. de "El Telégrafo" – via Biblioteca Digital Hispánica.
- "Cienfuegos". Diccionario enciclopédico hispano-americano de literatura, ciencias y artes (in Spanish). Vol. 5. Barcelona: Montaner y Simon. 1890. hdl:2027/mdp.35112203983400 – via HathiTrust.
- "Santa Clara: Cienfuegos". Anuario del comercio, de la industria, de la magistratura y de la administracion de España, sus colonias, Cuba, Puerto-Rico y Filipinas, estados hispano-americanos y Portugal [Yearbook of Commerce, Industry, Judiciary and Administration of Spain, its Colonies Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines, Spanish American States and Portugal] (in Spanish). Madrid: Bailly-Bailliere e Hijos. 1908.
- Orlando F. García Martínez (1976). "Estudio de la economía cienfueguera desde la fundación de la Colonia Fernandina de Jagua hasta mediados del siglo XIX" [Study of Cienfuegos economy since the founding of the colony Fernandina de Jagua until the mid-nineteenth century]. Islas (in Spanish) (55–56). Santa Clara: Universidad Central de Las Villas: 117–170. ISSN 0047-1542.
- García Martínez, Orlando (2003). "Cienfuegos". In Louis A. Pérez; Rebecca Jarvis Scott (eds.). The Archives of Cuba: Los Archivos de Cuba (in Spanish). University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 94–104. ISBN 0822941953. (fulltext)
- Orlando F. García Martínez (2007). "El alzamiento popular del 5 de septiembre de 1957 en Cienfuegos". Ariel: La revista cultural de Cienfuegos (in Spanish) (10). Dirección Provincial de Cultura de Cienfuegos. ISSN 1560-9375.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Cienfuegos.
- Items related to Cienfuegos, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
- "(Cienfuegos)". Cuban Heritage Collection. USA: University of Miami Libraries.
- "(Cienfuegos)" – via Digital Library of the Caribbean.
- Items related to Cienfuegos, various dates (via Europeana)