Theraphosoidina is a clade of avicularioid mygalomorph spiders first proposed by Robert J. Raven in 1985, based on a morphological cladistic analysis. Raven included three families: Theraphosidae, Paratropididae and Barychelidae.[1] Subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies upheld the relationship between the Theraphosidae and Barychelidae, but found that Paratropidae fell outside the clade.[2][3][4][5]

Theraphosoidina
Brachypelma klaasi, a member of the Theraphosidae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Clade: Crassitarsae
Clade: Theraphosoidina
Raven, 1985 (as a "micropicoorder")
Families

See text.

Taxonomy

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Theraphosoidina was first proposed as a taxon by Robert J. Raven in 1985, based on a morphological cladistic analysis. Raven included three families: Theraphosidae, Paratropididae and Barychelidae. The group was characterized by the similar conformation of the male tibial spur (used in mating), reduced toothing of the paired claws and many labial cuspules.[1]

Subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies upheld the relationship between the Theraphosidae and Barychelidae, but found that Paratropidae fell outside the clade.[2][3] In 2012, it was suggested that Theraphosoidina should probably include an additional family of spiders related to Homostola.[4] A major 2020 study of the Mygalomorphae established the new family Bemmeridae (raised from the rank of tribe) containing the two genera Homostola and Spiroctenus and included it within Theraphosoidina.[5]

Phylogeny

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An outline version of the preferred cladogram from a 2020 phylogenetic study of the Mygalomorphae is shown below. (A node with lower support is marked ♦.) Although the precise position of the Theraphosoidina clade varied in some of the individual analyses, the clade itself was well supported.[5]

Avicularioidea

Basal families (6)

Bipectina

Paratropididae

♦ 8 families

Crassitarsae
Theraphosoidina

"Nemesioidina" (7 families)

Families

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According to Opatova et al. (2020), the clade includes the following families, one of which (Bemmeridae) was first described at this rank in their study:[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b Raven, Robert J. (1985), "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae) : cladistics and systematics", Bulletin of the AMNH, 182, hdl:2246/955, retrieved 2016-01-18
  2. ^ a b Hedin, Marshal & Bond, Jason E. (2006), "Molecular phylogenetics of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using nuclear rRNA genes (18S and 28S): Conflict and agreement with the current system of classification", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41 (2): 454–471, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.017, PMID 16815045
  3. ^ a b Garrison, Nicole L.; Rodriguez, Juanita; Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hamilton, Christopher A.; Hedin, Marshal; Kocot, Kevin M.; Ledford, Joel M. & Bond, Jason E. (2016), "Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life", PeerJ, 4: e1719, doi:10.7717/peerj.1719, PMC 4768681, PMID 26925338
  4. ^ a b Bond, Jason E.; Hendrixson, Brent E.; Hamilton, Chris A. & Hedin, Marshal (2012), "A Reconsideration of the Classification of the Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Arachnida: Araneae) Based on Three Nuclear Genes and Morphology", PLOS ONE, 7 (6): e38753, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038753, PMC 3378619, PMID 22723885
  5. ^ a b c d Opatova, Vera; Hamilton, Chris A.; Hedin, Marshal; Montes De Oca, Lauren; Král, Jiři; Bond, Jason E. (2019), "Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution of the Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae Using Genomic Scale Data", Systematic Biology, 69 (4): 671–707, doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz064, PMID 31841157