| Languages - Dialects | Pronunciation of the letters | |
|---|---|---|
| ج | ق | |
| Proto-Semitic | [ɡ] | [kʼ] |
| Dialects in parts of Oman and Yemen1 | [q] | |
| Modern Standard Arabic2 | [d͡ʒ] | |
| Dialects in most of the Arabian Peninsula | [ɡ] | |
Notes:
- Western and southern Yemen: Taʽizzi, Adeni and Tihamiyya dialects (coastal Yemen), in addition to southwestern (Salalah region) and eastern Oman, including Muscat, the capital.
- As used in the Arabian Peninsula: in Sanaa; ق is [ɡ] in Sanʽani dialect and also in the literary standard (local MSA), whereas the literary standard pronunciation in Sudan is [ɢ] or [ɡ]. For the pronunciation of ج in Modern Standard Arabic, check Jīm.
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