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Untitled edit
This seems to be a problematic article. "Membranomics" as a branch of science does not exist. This is "membrane biology". "Membranome" was used, but in a different sense. The term was proposed by British biologist Thomas Cavalier-Smith [1]("Membranome and Membrane Heredity in Development and Evolution" by Thomas Cavalier-Smith, in Organelles, Genomes and Eukaryote Phylogeny An Evolutionary Synthesis in the Age of Genomics Editors: Robert P. Hirt; David S. Horner ISBN: 978-0-415-29904-6). See also here: Ghosh D, Beavis RC, Wilkins JA, The identification and characterization of membranome components, JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Pages: 1572-1583.Biophys (talk) 19:15, 3 January 2010 (UTC)
Membranomics edit
Membranomics is the research field or methodology related to preparation, analysis, and application of biological, biomimetic membranes (self-assembled bilayer membranes, liposomes or vesicles) or composite/synthetic membranes, which also include LB-membranes/supported biomimetic membranes/micelles, directing research field towards biological/functional/dynamic membrane. Membranomics is the systematic methodology for membranome research.
Preparation
- Hydration & Extrusion/Sonication
- Reversed phase vaporization
- Electroformation of Giant Vesicle
- Micro-channel method
- Composit biomimetic membrane
- Vesicle in vesicle
Analysis
- Immobilized liposome chromatography
- Liposome immobilized support/sensor (immobilized liposome chromatography)
- Arrayed chip of supported membranes
- Membrane chip
- Liposome-immobilized Microbolometer
- Microdomain observation considering ordered and disordered state
- Analysis of Dynamics of Microphase on membrane
- Control of membrane stress response dynamics
Application
- Stealization of bacteria
- Stressed Membrane mediated bioprocess
- Membrane-based regulation of biological system
- Artificial Ion channel
- LIPOzyme design
- Liposome reactor/Factory
- Metal Removal using biological cell
- Polymer production on membrane
- Drug Delivery System (DDS)
- Membrane Process Chemistry
Not only this is not supported by sources, but I did not find a single reference about "membranomics".Biophys (talk) 19:11, 3 January 2010 (UTC)
Other problems edit
As it stands, this article is basically a list of presentations at a workshop in Japan. The meaning of the "membranome" is entirely unclear. Is it about evolution of biological membranes? Is it about the role of liposome in the origing of cell? Is is about membrane stress? I am going to stub this article with refs on a couple of reliable sources that still exist on the subject.Biophys (talk) 19:11, 3 January 2010 (UTC)
is the entire information of structures and functions of biological membranes or biomimetic bilayer molecular assemblies, such as vesicles and supported membranes etc. and their systems, which include not only ordinally-stable structures and functions but also hidden potential or dynamically induced ones under the stress condition.
The membranome is also related to the properties which arise from the bilayer molecular assembly. The membranome research is normally achieved from the chemical and biophysical aspects of the membrane, focusing on emergent properties which are not present in the individual components.
Among various membranes, vesicle (or liposome) is proposed as a life-environmental minimal unit which acts as a field to elucidate the above potential functions on its surface and it basically recognizes the “potentially-functional” minimal elements on its surface to induce their functions. The vesicle is often used as a biomimetic (model) membrane to achieve the investigation of the membrane-related phenomena.
Examples edit
The significance of the membranome concept has been introduced through some evidences in in vivo and in vitro approaches. The following examples have been reported in the membranomics seminar.
Example in vitro
- Molecular- and metal-chaperone–like function of liposome [1][2]
- Recognition of specific state of the protein, peptide, nucleotide (lysenin, molten-globule state of proteins, oxidized peptide etc. ) by lipid domain
- Vesicle-based Enzymology[3]
- LIPOzyme[4] function, i.e. Enzymatic function of specifically designed liposome[5][6]
- Protein translocation across the phospholipid bilayer membrane[7]
- Liposome-regulated gene expression [8]
- Morphological change of amyloid fibril formation
- Ion channel formation through p-p stacking regulation in lipid membrane
Example in vivo
- Biocontrol considering the hysterisis of stress exposurement in bacterial cell death
- Signal transduction based on created microdomain (cPA, sterylglucoside, fatty acid, …)
- Dynamic change of cell morphology and its-relating gene expression
- Vesicle-induced apoptosis of cancer cells
- Cholic acid transport across the membrane of lactobacillus
- Heat induced translocation of some proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial cells
- Selective enzyme release from cells under the regulated stress exposure such as pH, chemical and heat shock etc
References
- ^ Refolding of carbonic anhydrase assisted by 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposomes, Kuboi, R., Yoshimoto, M., Walde, P., Luisi, P.L., Biotechnology Progress, 13, 828-836 (1997)
- ^ Oxidative refolding of denatured/reduced lysozyme utilizing the chaperone-like function of liposomes and immobilized liposome chromatography, Yoshimoto, M., Kuboi, R., Biotechnology Progress, 15, 480-487 (1999)
- ^ Enzymes inside lipid vesicles: Preparation, reactivity and applications, Walde, P., Ichikawa, S., Biomol. Eng., 18, 143-177 (2001)
- ^ Liposome with enzyme-like function. Its concept was first proposed in domestic seminar in Japan ("LIPOzyme: Core-Material for On-Chip Bioreactor/Sensor(in Japanese)." Academy-Industroy Exchange Seminar, Osaka, Japan, 2006, March) and was then introduced in 1st European Chemistry Congress(Budapest Hungary, August, 27-31 (2006)) and 6th Eur. Symp. On Biochemical Engineering Science (Salzburg, Austria, August, 26-28 (2006)).
- ^ Liposome-recruited activity of oxidized and fragmented superoxide dismutase, Tuan, L.Q., Umakoshi, H., Shimanouchi, T., Kuboi, R., Langmuir, 24, 350-354 (2008)
- ^ Liposome modified with Mn-porphyrin complex can simultaneously induce antioxidative enzyme-like activity of both superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, Umakoshi, H., Morimoto, K., Ohama, Y., Shimanouchi, T., Kuboi, R., Langmuir, 24, 4451-4455 (2008)
- ^ Model system for heat-induced translocation of cytoplasmic β-galactosidase across phospholipid bilayer membrane, Umakoshi, H., Yoshimoto, M., Shimanouchi, T., Kuboi, R., Komasawa, I., Biotechnology Progress, 14, 218-226 (1998)
- ^ Liposome Membrane Itself can Regulate Gene Expression in Cell Free Translation System, Bui, H. T., Umakoshi, H., Ngo, K. X., Nishida, N. Shimanouchi, T., Kuboi, R., Langmuir, 24, in press (2008)
Comparison edit
The membranome research has been delayed owing to the above complexity of the information and also the lack of the suitable analytical methods for the membranome study. The membranome is larger than genome and proteome in their capacity of the information because there could be infinite combination of the lipid type (phosphatidylcholine, glycolipid, sphingomyeline, caldiolipine, etc), microdomain structure (raft, caveolae, etc), physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond and so on), vesicle shape, multi-lamellar structure, inter-vesicle interaction and so on. The membranome has at least two levels of complexity lacking in genome and proteome: (1) supramolecular assemblies on membrane and (2) supravesicular assembly of membranes in addition the complexity of the type of the chemicals.
Proposed Relation of Membranome with Others
- The non-specific and general stress response of the biological system, reported by H. Selye, and its specific response, by W. B. Cannon
- Differentiation of Embryo Stem cell
- Anfinsen Hypothesis and Prusiner Hypothesis
- Biomembrane-related diseases
Although the membranome seems similar to lipidome which focuses on the non-water-soluble metabolites (lipids), there is a significant difference between them because of basic definition of the membranome (see above). It is important to discuss the physiological response in biological system based on the membranome, together with genome and proteome, as fundamental knowledge.
History edit
Some examples of the unusual response of the bacterial cells and biomolecules have been recognized as practical problems in bioprocess design, resulting that most process engineers avoid the condition which induce the above unfavorable response of the biomaterials or system. The basic concept of the membranome has been first introduced by Ryoichi Kuboi, Professor in Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, together with Tsuchido Tetsuaki, Professor in Graduate School of Engineering, Kansai University, in the mini-symposium on “New Frontier of Research on Membrane Stress Biotechnology” (2002.5.25, Osaka Univ.), who also organized the research group of the Membrane Stress Biotechnology (MSB)[1]. In parallel, series symposium on “Engineering Science of Liposome” was organized by R. Kuboi and Peter Walde, Professor in ETH Zurich (2003.6, Shizuoka), and later Prof. Keiichi Kato in Ehime Univ., creating the research group of Engineering Science of Liposome. The significance of the membranome concept has been discussed through the 1st to 6th symposium on MSB (MSB1~MSB6) and 1st to 6th symposium on ESL (ESL1~ESL6). The basic concept of the membranome and its methodology (membranomics) have been discussed in the international seminar on “membranomics” supported by JSPS-SNSF (2008.9.1-3, Osaka University).
References