Takeda Katsuyori (武田 勝頼, 1546 – 3 April 1582) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period, who was famed as the head of the Takeda clan and the successor to the legendary warlord Takeda Shingen. He was son in law of Hojo Ujiyasu.
Takeda Katsuyori 武田 勝頼 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Head of Takeda clan | |
| In office 1573–1582 | |
| Preceded by | Takeda Shingen |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1546 Kai Province |
| Died | 3 April 1582 (aged 35–36) Tenmoku Mountain, Kai Province |
| Spouse(s) | Toyama Fujin Hojo Masako |
| Children | Takeda Nobukatsu Takeda Katsuchika Tei-hime Kougu-hime |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives | Takeda Yoshinobu (brother) Takeda Nobuchika (brother) Nishina Morinobu (brother) Hōjō Ujiyasu (father-in-law) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | .svg){kind=small} Suwa clan Takeda clan |
| Rank | Daimyo |
| Commands | Shinpu Castle |
| Battles/wars | Siege of Kanbara Siege of Futamata Battle of Mikatagahara Siege of Takatenjin Siege of Yoshida Battle of Nagashino Battle of Omosu Battle of Tenmokuzan |
Early lifeEdit
He was the son of Shingen by the daughter of Suwa Yorishige (posthumous name:Suwa-goryōnin (諏訪御料人, real name, Koihime)).[1] Katsuyori's children included Takeda Nobukatsu and Katsuchika.[2]
Katsuyori, first known as Suwa Shirō Katsuyori (諏訪四郎勝頼), succeeded to his mother's Suwa clan and gained Takatō Castle as the seat of his domain.
After his elder brother Takeda Yoshinobu died, Katsuyori's son Nobukatsu became heir to the Takeda clan, making Katsuyori the true ruler of the Takeda clan.[3] Takeda Katsuyori built Shinpu Castle, a new and larger castle at Nirasaki and transferred his residence there in 1581.
Military lifeEdit
In 1569, Katsuyori defeated Hojo Ujinobu at Siege of Kanbara[4]
In 1572, Katsuyori successfully took a Tokugawa clan possession in the Siege of Futamata, and participated in the Battle of Mikatagahara againts Oda-Tokugawa alliance.[5]
In 1573, Katsuyori took charge of the Takeda family after the death of Shingen and fought the Tokugawa clan.
In 1574, he captured Takatenjin castle, which even his father had not managed to do. This gained him the support of the Takeda clan.
In 1575, he suffered a terrible loss at the Battle of Nagashino, defeated by one of the earliest recorded uses of volley fire (by Oda Nobunaga's 3,000 guns), and losing a large part of his forces as well as a number of Takeda's generals.[6]
In 1578, Katsuyori incurred the wrath of the Hōjō family by helping Uesugi Kagekatsu against Uesugi Kagetora who was Hōjō Ujiyasu's seventh son, adopted by and heir to Uesugi Kenshin, that initiated the Battle of Omosu in 1580 againts Hojo Ujimasa.
DeathEdit
After Katsuyori lost Takatenjin castle in 1581, clans like Kiso and Anayama withdrew their support. Later in 1582, his forces were destroyed by the combined armies of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Tenmokuzan, after which Katsuyori, his wife, and his son committed ritual suicide, known as seppuku.[3][5]: 231
The nun Rikei wrote an account of his wife's suicide and, pitying them, wrote several verses in their honour.[7]
SpouseEdit
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Toyama FujinEdit
Takeda Katsuyori married Toyoma Fujin, the adopted daughter of Oda Nobunaga. She died while giving birth to their son Nobukatsu in 1567.
Hojo MasakoEdit
Katsuyori later married Hojo Masako, daughter of Hojo Ujiyasu. She bore him a son and two daughters. In 1582, when Masako was 19, Katsuyori was defeated by Oda Nobunaga and they had to flee. However, Katsuyori was resigned to die and urged her to leave him. She refused and killed herself (jigai), along with Katsuyori in the Battle of Tenmokuzan. Both of his sons died in the battle.
FamilyEdit
Father: Takeda Shingen (1521–1573)
Sons:
- Takeda Nobukatsu (1567–1582)
- Takeda Katsuchika (1580–1582)
Wives:
- Toyama Fujin
- Hojo Masako
Daughters:
- Tei-hime, married Miyahara Yoshihisa
- Kougu-hime, married Naitō Tadaoki
ReferencesEdit
Media related to Takeda Katsuyori at Wikimedia Commons
- ^ Sato, Hiroaki (1995). Legends of the Samurai. Overlook Duckworth. p. 209. ISBN 9781590207307.
- ^ http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/takeda.html
- ^ a b Turnbull, Stephen (1987). Battles of the Samurai. London: Arms and Armour Press. pp. 79–94. ISBN 9780853688266.
- ^ "蒲原城" (in Japanese). じゃらん. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
- ^ a b Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. Cassell & Co. p. 219,222–223,230. ISBN 1854095234.
- ^ Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 156–160. ISBN 9780026205405.
- ^ Sato, Hiroaki (2008). Japanese Women Poets. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. pp. 137–139. ISBN 9780765617842.
Further readingEdit
- Hiroaki Sato (2008). Japanese women poets: an anthology. M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - Takeda Katsuyori no Saiki (in Japanese)
- Yamanashi Prefecture page on Takeda Katsuyori (in Japanese)
- Shibatsuji Shunroku 柴辻俊六 and Hirayama Masaru 平山優. Takeda Katsuyori no Subete 武田勝頼のすべて. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha 新人物往来社, 2007.
- Shibatsuji Shunroku 柴辻俊六, Takeda Katsuyori 武田勝頼. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha 新人物往来社, 2003.
This article incorporates text from OpenHistory.