Tryptase beta-2, also known as tryptase II, is a proteolytic enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TPSB2 gene.[5]

TPSB2
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesTPSB2, TPS2, tryptaseB, tryptaseC, tryptase beta 2 (gene/pseudogene), tryptase beta 2
External IDsOMIM: 191081; MGI: 96942; HomoloGene: 55729; GeneCards: TPSB2; OMA:TPSB2 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_024164

NM_010781

RefSeq (protein)

NP_077078

NP_034911

Location (UCSC)Chr 16: 1.23 – 1.23 MbChr 17: 25.59 – 25.59 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Formerly, the enzyme was known as Tryptase Clara.

Function

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Tryptases comprise a family of trypsin-like serine proteases, the peptidase family S1. Tryptases are enzymatically active only as heparin-stabilized tetramers, and they are resistant to all known endogenous proteinase inhibitors.

Several tryptase genes are clustered on chromosome 16p13.3. These genes are characterized by several distinct features. They have a highly conserved 3'-UTR and contain tandem repeat sequences at the 5' flank and 3' UTR which are thought to play a role in regulation of the mRNA stability. These genes have an intron immediately upstream of the initiator Met codon, which separates the site of transcription initiation from protein coding sequence. This feature is characteristic of tryptases but is unusual in other genes. The alleles of this gene exhibit an unusual amount of sequence variation, such that the alleles were once thought to represent two separate genes, beta II and beta III.

Beta tryptases appear to be the main isoenzymes expressed in mast cells and club cells, whereas in basophils, alpha-tryptases predominate.

Tryptases have been implicated as mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic and inflammatory disorders.[5] In particular, influenza A virus is activated by TPSB2-mediated proteolytic cleavage in the upper respiratory tract.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197253Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033825Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: tryptase beta 2 (gene/pseudogene)".
  6. ^ Kido H, Yokogoshi Y, Sakai K, Tashiro M, Kishino Y, Fukutomi A, Katunuma N (July 1992). "Isolation and characterization of a novel trypsin-like protease found in rat bronchiolar epithelial Clara cells. A possible activator of the viral fusion glycoprotein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (19): 13573–13579. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42250-8. PMID 1618859.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.