Transmembrane protein 134

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Transmembrane protein 134 is a protein encoded by the TMEM134 gene. TMEM134 does not have any other known aliases. There are two transmembrane domains and a domain of unknown function (DUF872).[5] Evolutionary, the majority of the organisms that have this gene are primates and mammals, although there are some organisms dating back to Drosophila and C. elegans. Through current research, there has not been any confirmed function of TMEM134.

TMEM134
Identifiers
AliasesTMEM134, 2410001H17Rik, AI463452, transmembrane protein 134
External IDsMGI: 1914240; HomoloGene: 11837; GeneCards: TMEM134; OMA:TMEM134 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001078650
NM_001078651
NM_025124

NM_001078649
NM_025889

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001072118
NP_001072119
NP_079400

NP_001072117
NP_080165

Location (UCSC)Chr 11: 67.46 – 67.47 MbChr 19: 4.18 – 4.18 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Gene Structure

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The gene is composed of 6 exons spanning from 67464348 to 67469277 kilo bases. It is located on chromosome 11q13.2, which is the minus strand of the chromosome. The gene does have three isoforms; a, b, and c.

Protein

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Protein Structure

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The protein is encoded by TMEM134 gene and is 195 amino acids in length. The protein contains two transmembrane domains but does not contain a signal peptide. This suggests that there is an internal signal peptide upstream of the translated portion of the protein. The protein is overall considering normal with its amino acid content but does have two regions of high hydrophobicity, which occur during the transmembrane regions of the protein. This gives the protein an isoelectric point of 6.08. The overall weight of the protein is 21.6 kilodaltons, which is conserved throughout the different orthologs. The protein also contains a domain of unknown function 872 (DUF872). Currently there is no thought to the possible function of this domain.

 
This is a protein construct of TMEM134 containing the two transmembrane domains and DUF872.

Regulation and Translation

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TMEM134 is regulated by the promoter GXP50275.[6] There are 870 amino acids in the promoter and 15 transcripts variants of it. The promoter is well conserved in mammals. There are some conserved binding regions in the promoter including EGR/nerve factor and Huntington's disease gene regulatory region.

Location

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The final protein is thought to be in the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear membrane.[7] The protein is anchored in two different regions, from 123-145 and 155-177. The portion of the protein that extends into the cytosol is heavily phosphorylated. These phosphorylation sites are conserved into bony fishes.

Post-Translational Modification

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The only post-translational modification that occurs is phosphorylation. There is no glycosylation, sulfination[check spelling], or sumoylation sites.

Interactions

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TMEM134 has one interaction with another protein, ELAVL1. This protein binds to AU rich elements in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs.[8]

Expression

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Microarray analysis of GEO profiles were conducted and TMEM134 is shown to be ubiquitously expressed in the majority of human tissues.[9] Even though there is ubiquitous expression in the human tissues, there are other tissues that have higher expression levels, such as the heart, breast tissue, and prostate tissue.

Homology

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As discussed earlier, there is quite a bit of conservation in primates and mammals but there are some distant orthologs of zebrafish and Drosophila, and a homolog of C. elegans.

Genus and Species Common Name Length Accession Percent Identity[10]
Homo sapiens Human 195 aa NP_079400 100%
Papio anubis Olive baboon 195 aa XP_003905916.1 97%
Sus scrofa Wild boar 246 aa XP_003480710 95%
Orincus ocra Orca 195 aa XP_004278064 94%
Equua callabus Horse 208 aa XP_005598525 92%
Ceratotherium simum simum White rhinocerus 186 aa XP_004437766 89%
Bos taurus Cow 229 aa XP_005227097 78%
Drosophilia melanogstar Fruit fly 170 aa NP_001261296 32%
Caenorhabditis elegans Worm 168 aa NP_001021401 26%

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172663Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024845Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Genecards https://www.genecards.org/
  6. ^ El Dorado http://www.genomatix.de/cgi-bin/eldorado/main.pl[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ ExPasy http://www.expasy.org/
  8. ^ Genecards https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ELAVL1
  9. ^ NCBI GEO Profiles https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geoprofiles/?term=tmem134
  10. ^ NCBI BLAST http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi