Sir Spenser Buckingham St. John GCMG FRGS (22 December 1825 – 3 January 1910) was British Consul in Brunei in the mid 19th century.[1]
Sir Spenser St. John | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born | Spenser Buckingham St. John 22 December 1825 |
| Died | 3 January 1910 (aged 84) Somers Town, London, England, United Kingdom |
| Spouse | Mary Armstrong (m.1899) |
| Domestic partner | Dayang Kamariah (in Labuan 1853?-1859?) |
| Children | Ellen (1855-?); Sulong/Charles (1857-?) |
| Parents |
|
| Occupation | British Consul, writer |
Early life edit
On 20 September 1827, Spenser was baptised at St Pancras Old Church.[2]
Diplomatic career edit
In 1847 St John's father, the journalist James Augustus St. John, introduced him to James Brooke. He went out to Sarawak the following year to become Brooke's private secretary and thus began his diplomatic career. He was British Consul General in Brunei from 1856 and in 1858 made two ascents of Mount Kinabalu with Hugh Low. One of the peaks of Mount Kinabalu, "St John's Peak" (4,091 m – 4 metres shorter than the summit, "Low's Peak"), is named in his honour. He wrote a book about his explorations in Borneo, Life in the Forests of the Far East (1862), and two biographies of James Brooke (1879 and 1899).
In 1863 St John became British chargé d'affaires in Haiti and in 1871 took up the same post in the Dominican Republic. He was promoted to Minister in Haiti late in 1872, and was chargé d'affaires in Lima and Minister in Peru from 1874 to 1883, during which time he was awarded the KCMG. While in Peru he made a collection of pottery which is now in the British Museum.[3]
In 1884 St John published a memoir of his experiences in Haiti, Hayti: Or, The Black Republic, which caused public outrage with its sensational tales of cannibalism in the Vodou religion. He is also quoted as saying that "The History of the country [Haiti] ... is but a series of plots and revolutions followed by barbarous military executions."
St John was Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico from 1884 to 1893, and helped to restore relations between Britain and Mexico, which had been broken since the French intervention in Mexico.[4]
St John retired after serving as Minister to Sweden from 1893 to 1896, during which time he had been raised to GCMG.
Marriage and Death edit
St John had a relationship with a Malay woman named Dayang Kamariah, with whom he had a son, Sulong, later baptised as Charles when he was 10. He later trained as a civil engineer, and worked in a government position in Perak.[5]
In 1899, at the age of 73, he married the 31-year old Mary Armstrong in Paris. They settled in Camberley, and he died on 3 January 1910.[6]
Works edit
- Life in the Forests of the Far East (1862)
- Hayti: or, The Black Republic (1884)
- The life of Sir James Brooke : rajah of Sarawak : from his personal papers and correspondence (1879)
- Rajah Brooke: the Englishman as ruler of an eastern state (1897)
- The adventures of a naval officer (1905) [under pseudonym Charles Hunter]
- Essays on Shakespeare and his works (1908)
References edit
- ^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1912). . Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). Vol. 3. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ "Spenser Buckingham St.John - Middleton-St Johns". Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2020.[title missing]
- ^ "Sir Spenser Buckingham St John". British Museum.
- ^ Alfred Tischendorf (1961). Great Britain and Mexico in the Era of Porfirio Diaz. Durham, Duke University.
- ^ "Spenser Buckingham St.John - Middleton-St Johns". Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2020.[title missing]
- ^ "Spenser Buckingham St.John - Middleton-St Johns". Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2020.[title missing]