Skyline

A skyline is the horizon created by a city's overall structure, or by human intervention in a non-urban setting or in nature. City skylines serve as a pseudo-fingerprint as no two skylines are alike. For this reason, news and sports programs, television shows, and movies often display the skyline of a city to set a location. The term The Sky Line of New York City was first introduced in 1896, when it was the title of a color lithograph by Charles Graham for the color supplement of the New York Journal.^[1]

Paul D. Spreiregen, FAIA, has called a skyline "a physical representation [of a city's] facts of life ... a potential work of art ... its collective vista."^[2]

Ten-mile panorama of the Manhattan skyline, from 120th Street to the Battery, taken February 21, 2018, from Weehawken, New Jersey.

HistoryEdit

Early examplesEdit

The Colosseum in Rome
Giza pyramids
The Acropolis Athens
Stonehenge's skyline has been known for millennia.

Modern skylinesEdit

Ski lift pylon in Italy transforming a natural skyline

Some natural skylines have been unintentionally modified for commercial reasons.

FeaturesEdit

High-rise buildingsEdit

Skyline of Detroit, Michigan, ca. 1929

High-rise buildings, including skyscrapers, are the fundamental feature of urban skylines.^[3]^[4]

TowersEdit

Towers from different eras make for contrasting skylines.

San Gimignano, in Tuscany, Italy, has been described as having an "unforgettable skyline" with its competitively built towers.^[5]

San Gimignano Towers
9 Water towers in Villejuif (Paris)
A cell phone tower making a surreal addition to the skyline

Sports stadiumsEdit

2008 Beijing Olympic Stadium

The Colosseum and 2008 Beijing Olympic Stadium give varied sport stadium skylines.

Remote locationsEdit

Some remote locations have striking skylines, created either by nature or by sparse human settlement in an environment not conducive to housing significant populations.

Mount Everest

Apollo 17 Moon landing site panorama

Architectural featuresEdit

Notable architects influencing skylineEdit

Nuremberg in September 1936.

Norman Foster served as architect for the Gherkin in London and the Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan, and these buildings have to added to their cities' skylines.

Albert Speer made a notable night time skyline with searchlights at Nuremberg.

Use of skylines in mediaEdit

Skylines are sometimes used as backgrounds for movies, television shows, news websites, and in other forms of media.

Subjective ranking of skylinesEdit

Several services rank skylines based on their own subjective criteria. Emporis is one such service, which uses height and other data to give point values to buildings and add them together for skylines.

ReferencesEdit

^ "Moving Uptown". New York Public Library. Archived from the original on 2014-12-29. When Charles Graham's view of New York was published, the new term used in the title, "sky line," caught on immediately.
^ Paul D. Spreiregen (1965). Urban Design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities. McGraw-Hill.
^ Heath, Tom; Smith, Sandy G.; Lim, Bill (July 2000). "Tall Buildings and the Urban Skyline: The Effect of Visual Complexity on Preferences". Environment and Behavior. 32 (4): 541–556. doi:10.1177/00139160021972658. ISSN 0013-9165.
^ McNeill, Donald (February 2005). "Skyscraper geography". Progress in Human Geography. 29 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1191/0309132505ph527oa. geographers have tended to neglect the substantial impact of skyscrapers on urban life.
^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Historic Centre of San Gimignano". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 2016-08-04. Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help)

External linksEdit

[1] "Moving Uptown". New York Public Library. Archived from the original on 2014-12-29. When Charles Graham's view of New York was published, the new term used in the title, "sky line," caught on immediately.

[2] Paul D. Spreiregen (1965). Urban Design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities. McGraw-Hill.

[3] Heath, Tom; Smith, Sandy G.; Lim, Bill (July 2000). "Tall Buildings and the Urban Skyline: The Effect of Visual Complexity on Preferences". Environment and Behavior. 32 (4): 541–556. doi:10.1177/00139160021972658. ISSN 0013-9165.

[4] McNeill, Donald (February 2005). "Skyscraper geography". Progress in Human Geography. 29 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1191/0309132505ph527oa. geographers have tended to neglect the substantial impact of skyscrapers on urban life.

[5] Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Historic Centre of San Gimignano". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 2016-08-04. Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help)

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