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Thomas Brock

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For other people named Thomas Brock, see Thomas Brock (disambiguation).

Sir Thomas Brock KCB RA (1 March 1847 – 22 August 1922) was an English sculptor and medallist, notable for the creation of several large public sculptures and monuments in Britain and abroad in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.[1] [2] His most famous work is the Victoria Memorial in front of Buckingham Palace, London.[2] Other commissions included the redesign of the effigy of Queen Victoria on British coinage, the massive bronze equestrian statue of Edward, the Black Prince, in City Square, Leeds and the completion of the statue of Prince Albert on the Albert Memorial.[3][4]

Sir
Thomas Brock
KCB RA
Born1 March 1847
Worcester, England
Died22 August 1922(1922-08-22) (aged 75)
London, England
Resting placeMayfield, East Sussex
NationalityBritish
Alma mater
  • School of Design, Worcester
  • Royal Academy Schools
Known forSculpture, coin design

Biography

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Brock was born on 1 March 1847 in Worcester.[2] He was the only son of a painter and decorator and attended the Government School of Design in Worcester, after which he undertook an apprenticeship in modelling at the Worcester Royal Porcelain Works.[5] In 1866 he became a pupil of the sculptor John Henry Foley and also enrolled in the Royal Academy Schools, where he won a gold medal for sculpture in 1869.[5][6] He met and befriended Frederic, Lord Leighton, whose emphasis on realism and naturalism in sculpture led Brock to become part of the New Sculpture movement and to develop his talent for sympathetic and realistic portraiture.[4] After Foley's sudden death in 1874, Brock finished several of his commissions, including the monument to Daniel O'Connell in Dublin and a large bronze equestrian statue of Lord Canning for Kolkata.[5][7][8] It was his completion of Foley's statue of Prince Albert for the Albert Memorial which first brought Brock to prominence and secured his position as an establishment sculptor.[7][6][9] He also assisted in the casting of Lord Leighton's greatly influential 1877 sculpture An Athlete Wrestling with a Python.[10]

Brock was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1883 and became a full member in 1891.[6] He was a founding member, and the first president, of the Society of British Sculptors.[11]

 
Thomas Brock in his studio, 1889

Brock's group The Moment of Peril (now in the garden of Leighton House) was followed by The Genius of Poetry, at the Carlsberg Brewery in Copenhagen. A plaster model for Eve was shown at the Royal Academy in 1898; a marble version (1900) is in the collection of the Tate and Brock also cast some smaller bronze replicas and other imaginative works that mark his development.[12] His portrait works include busts, such as those of Lord Leighton and Queen Victoria, statues, such as Sir Richard Owen and Henry Philpott, bishop of Worcester, and sepulchral monuments such as that of Lord Leighton in St Paul's Cathedral.[1][6][11]

 
1897 shilling, obverse portrait of Queen Victoria by Thomas Brock.

Brock made statues of Victoria to celebrate her golden and diamond jubilees and also designed the depiction of her "veiled" or "widowed" head, used on all gold, silver and bronze coinage between 1893 and 1901.[11]

In 1901 Brock won the commission to make a colossal equestrian statue of Edward the Black Prince for Leeds City Square. The same year, he was given perhaps his most significant commission, the vast multi-figure Imperial Memorial to Queen Victoria, to be erected in front of Buckingham Palace.[9] The unveiling of this memorial took place on 16 May 1911,[13] and according to legend King George V was so moved by the excellence of the memorial that he called for a sword and knighted Brock on the spot.[9] In any event, it was on the same day that the Lord Chamberlain’s Office notified The London Gazette that the king had ordered that Brock be appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.[14]

From 1914 to 1919 Brock returned to the post of president of the Society of British Sculptors.[11]

Brock married in 1869 and had eight children. He died in London on 22 August 1922 and is buried at Mayfield, East Sussex.[4]

Public monuments

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1875–1889

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Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes
 
More images 		Richard Baxter St Mary's, Kidderminster 1875 Statue on pedestal Marble and granite Grade II Q26392189 Originally in the Bull Ring, Kidderminster and moved to its present site in March 1967.[15][16][17][18]
 
More images 		William Rathbone V Sefton Park, Liverpool 1877 Statue on pedestal with plaques Portland stone & bronze Grade II Q26333129 Statue by John Henry Foley, pedestal by Brock[19]
 
More images 		A Moment of Peril Rosenborg Castle Gardens, Copenhagen, Denmark 1880 Sculpture group Bronze Q57542450 Replica of the original in the gardens of the Leighton House Museum in London.[20]
 
More images 		Statue of Robert Raikes Victoria Embankment Gardens, London 1880 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q19967451 [10][21][22]
 
More images 		Sir Rowland Hill Vicar Street, Kidderminster 1881 Statue on circular pedestal Marble and granite Grade II Q26392153 [18][23][24][25]
  Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baronet Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum, Mumbai 1884 Statue Marble Moved in 1965 from north end of Oval, Mumbai[8]
 
More images 		Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, London 1884 Bust Marble [11][4][26]
 
More images 		William Menelaus National Museum Cardiff 1884 Bust Marble 72.4cm [27]
 
More images 		Colin Minton Campbell London Road, Stoke-on-Trent 1887 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone 5.05m high [18][28]
 
More images 		Queen Victoria Shire Hall, Worcester 1887 Statue on pedestal Marble and granite Grade II Q26669257 [18][29]
 
More images 		Statue of Henry Bartle Frere Whitehall Gardens, London 1888 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite 3.4m tall Grade II Q21286428 [10][30][22][6]


1890–1899

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Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes
 
More images 		Queen Victoria Houses of Parliament, Cape Town, South Africa 1890 Statue on pedestal Granite pedestal Q20614583
 
More images 		Daniel O'Connell St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne, Australia Erected 1891 Statue on pedestal Bronze [31]
 
More images 		Bishop Henry Philpott Worcester Cathedral 1892 Seated statue on pedestal Marble and stone [11][32][33]
 
More images 		Lord Arthur Hervey Wells Cathedral post-1894 Chest tomb with effigy & putti Marble and stone Grade I [11][34]
  Richard Owen Natural History Museum, London 1896 Statue on pedestal Bronze and marble [11][35]
 
More images 		Memorial to Sir Augustus Harris Catherine St. facade of Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 1897 Wall mounted drinking fountain and sculpture Granite and bronze Grade I Memorial architect: Sidney R. J. Smith [36]
 
More images 		William Lewis, 1st Baron Merthyr Upper Thomas Street, Merthyr Tydfil 1898 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II Q29489929 [18][37]
 
More images 		Henry Tate Tate Britain 1898 Bust Bronze 533 x 584 x 356mm [38]
 
More images 		Thomas Hughes Rugby School 1899 Statue on pedestal [39]


1900–1909

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Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes
 
More images 		Queen Victoria Victoria Square, Birmingham 1901, recast 1951 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Q47460184 Recast by William Bloye from Brock's original marble statue in 1951[40]
 
More images 		Statue of Queen Victoria Grand Avenue, Hove Unveiled 1901 Statue on pedestal Bronze and marble Grade II Q26482744 [18][41][42]
 
More images 		Lord Frederic Leighton memorial St Paul's Cathedral, London 1902 Effigy on pedestal & plinth with supporting figures Bronze and coloured marbles [43]
 
More images 		Queen Victoria Carlton House Terrace, London Unveiled 1902, relocated 1971 Statue Marble 1.9m tall Q19927909 [10]
 
More images 		Queen Victoria Bitts Park, Carlisle 1902 Statue on pedestal & steps Bronze and granite Grade II Q26513391 [44][45]
Royal Scots Fusiliers memorial Burns Statue Square, Ayr 1902 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Category B Q17834558 [46][47]
 
More images 		Edward, the Black Prince Leeds City Square 1903 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II* Q17533834 [18][48][6]
 
More images 		Queen Victoria Belfast City Hall. 1903 Statue on pedestal and steps with sculptures Marble, Portland stone, bronze Grade A Q17778520 [49][50]
 
More images 		Edward James Harland Belfast City Hall 1903 Statue on pedestal Stone Q17778453 [51]
 
More images 		William Ewart Gladstone St John's Gardens, Liverpool 1904 Statue on pedestal, relief panel with 2 statues at base Bronze Grade II Q26333153 [18][52]
 
More images 		William Ewart Gladstone North transept, Westminster Abbey, London 1904 Statue on pedestal Marble [4][53][54]
 
More images 		Sir John Everett Millais Tate Britain, London 1905 Statue on pedestal Bronze and Portland stone 6.7m tall Grade II Q27080819 [10][55][56]
 
More images 		Sir Henry Tate Brixton Oval, London 1905 Bust on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q27087718 [18][57]
 
More images 		Statue of Queen Victoria Queen's Park, Bangalore 1906 Statue on pedestal Marble and sandstone Q22116770 [8][58]
 
More images 		Queen Victoria Queens Gardens, Brisbane, Australia 1906 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone [59]
 
More images 		General John Nicholson Royal School Dungannon, County Tyrone 1906 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade B+ Q17861889 Originally erected in Kolkata, moved to Delhi then relocated to Dungannon in 1960.[60][61][62][8]


1910–1919

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Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes
 
More images 		Statue of Sir Henry Irving Charing Cross Road, London 1910 Statue on pedestal Bronze and Portland stone Grade II Q18162015 [10][63]
  Edward VII King Edward VII Galleries, British Museum 1911 Bust Gilded bronze 77cm by 78.3cm Marble copy in Buckingham Palace[64][65]
 
More images 		Victoria Memorial, London The Mall, London Unveiled 1911, completed 1924 Sculpture on pillar with statues and fountains Marble, bronze, Portland stone Grade I Q1333411 [10][18][66][6][67]
 
More images 		William Lewis, 1st Baron Merthyr Aberdare Park, Aberdare 1913 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II Q29489480 [68]
 
More images 		Navigation Admiralty Arch, London 1908–1913 Wall-mounted statue Portland stone Grade I [69]
 
More images 		Gunnery Admiralty Arch, London 1908–1913 Wall-mounted statue Portland stone Grade I [69][70]
 
More images 		Statue of Captain James Cook The Mall, London 1914 Statue on pedestal Bronze and Portland stone Grade II Q17514442 [18][10][71][72]
  Joseph Lister Westminster Abbey, London 1915 Portrait medallion Marble [4]
 
More images 		Edward VII Queen's Park, Toronto 1919 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Q122417547 Originally erected in Delhi, India, relocated to Canada in 1969 as a gift of the government of India.[73][8]


1920 and later

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Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes
 
More images 		Titanic Memorial, Belfast Belfast City Hall 1920 Statue group on pedestal Stone Q7809806 [50]
 
More images 		Edward VII Macquarie Street, Sydney, Australia 1921 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Brock won the commission in 1915, but the work was not finished and delivered until 1921.[74]
 
More images 		Queen Victoria Victoria Memorial, Kolkata, India 1921 Statue on pedestal Marble Q92360284 Completed 1917, unveiled 1921[8][75][76]
 
More images 		Captain Charles Grant Seely St Olave's Church, Gatcombe, Isle of Wight. 1922 Sculpture on box tomb Marble and stone Q93239404 Brock's final completed work.[77][78]
 
More images 		Memorial to Joseph Lister Portland Place, London 1924 Bust on column with sculptures Bronze and granite Grade II Q21541736 [79]
 
More images 		War memorial Queen's University, Belfast 1924 Statue group on pedestal Bronze and granite Q66459168 [80]
 
More images 		Joseph Lister National Portrait Gallery, London 1927 Bust Bronze Cast 1927 from a 1912–13 plaster work.[81]
 
More images 		Robert Raikes Gloucester 1930 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone A copy of Brock's 1880 statue in London[18][82]


Other works

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Brock, Thomas" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 623.
  2. ^ a b c Ian Chilvers (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860476-9.
  3. ^ Mark Stocker (3 January 2008). "Brock, Sir Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32080. Retrieved 5 June 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Thomas Brock - shaping the 'New Sculpture' movement". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  5. ^ a b c University of Glasgow History of Art / HATII (2011). "Sir Thomas Brock RA, KCB, PRBS, HRSA". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Susan Beattie (1983). The New Sculpture. Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art / Yale University Press. ISBN 0300033591.
  7. ^ a b "Sir Thomas Brock RA (1847–1922)". Royal Academy. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mary Ann Steggles & Richard Barnes (2011). British Sculpture in India: New Views & Old Memories. Frontier Publishing. ISBN 9781872914411.
  9. ^ a b c Martina Droth, Jason Edwards & Michael Hatt (2014). Sculpture Victorious: Art in the Age of Invention, 1837-1901. Yale Center for British Art, Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300208030.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h John Blackwood (1989). London's Immortels. The Complete Outdoor Commemorative Statues. Savoy Press. ISBN 0951429604.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Thomas Brock PPRSS (1847–1922)". Royal Society of Sculptors. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  12. ^ "Sir Thomas Brock: Eve, 1900". Tate. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  13. ^ "Victoria Memorial Is Unveiled by King George". Dundee Evening Telegraph. No. 10699. British Newspaper Archive. 16 May 1911. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  14. ^ The London Gazette, Issue 28496, 19 May 1911, p. 3816
  15. ^ The Buildings of England: Worcestershire, Nikolaus Pevsner, 1968 p207
  16. ^ Kidderminster Since 1800, Ken Tomkinson and George Hall, 1975, pp. 209–210.
  17. ^ Historic England. "The Baxter Monument (1100091)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Jo Darke (1991). The Monument Guide to England and Wales. Macdonald Illustrated. ISBN 0-356-17609-6.
  19. ^ Historic England. "Statue of William Rathbone (1073451)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  20. ^ "A Moment of Peril". The Victorian Web. 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  21. ^ Historic England. "Statue of Robert Raikes (1066179)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  22. ^ a b Gomme, George Laurence (1910). Return of Outdoor Memorials in London. London: London County Council.
  23. ^ Historic England. "Statue of Sir Rowland Hill (1100054)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  24. ^ The Buildings of England: Worcestershire, Nikolaus Pevsner, 1968 p208
  25. ^ "Sir Rowland Hill (1795-1879)". Thomas Brock. Victorianweb.org. 20 August 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  26. ^ "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  27. ^ "Art Collection Online: William Menelaus". Amgueddfa Cymru. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  28. ^ "Statue of Colin Minton Campbell (1827-1885)". Public Monument and Sculpture Association. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  29. ^ Historic England. "Statue of Queen Victoria Approximately 15 metres to west of Shire Hall (1389833)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  30. ^ Historic England. "Statue of Sir Bartle Frere (1066176)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  31. ^ "St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne". Australia's Christian Heritage. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  32. ^ The Buildings of England: Worcestershire, Nikolaus Pevsner, 1968, p. 312.
  33. ^ "Monument to Bishop Philpot". The Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  34. ^ Historic England. "Cathedral Church of St Andrew, Chapter House and Cloisters (1382901)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  35. ^ John C. Thackray (1995). A catalogue of portraits, paintings and sculpture at the Natural History Museum, London. Mansell, London.
  36. ^ Historic England. "Theatre Royal Drury Lane and attached Sir Augustus Harris Memorial Drinking Fountain (1357276)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  37. ^ Cadw. "Statue & Plinth to Sir W.T. Lewis (11476)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  38. ^ "Sir Henry Tate". Tate Britain. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  39. ^ Public sculpture of Warwickshire, Coventry and Solihull by George Thomas Noszlopy, pp. 28–29.
  40. ^ George T. Noszlopy (1998). Public Sculpture of Britain volume 2: Public Sculpture of Birmingham including Sutton Coldfield. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 0-85323-682-8.
  41. ^ Historic England. "Statue of Queen Victoria (1187555)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  42. ^ Barbara Pezzini (24 May 2019). "Classical beauty to expressive wisdom: the changing image of Queen Victoria". Art UK. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  43. ^ Jason Edwards, Amy Harris & Greg Sullivan (2021). Monuments of St Paul's Cathedral 1796-1916. Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78551-360-2.
  44. ^ Historic England. "Statue of Queen Victoria (1218785)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  45. ^ "Queen Victoria Monument, Carlisle". History and Heritage. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  46. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Burns Statue Square, South African War Memorial (Category B Listed Building) (LB21516)". Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  47. ^ "War Memorials Register: Royal Scots Fusiliers - Burma, Sudan, Tirah Campaign, 1st Boer War and 2nd Boer War". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  48. ^ Historic England. "Statue of the Black Prince (1375045)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  49. ^ "Victoria Memorial". Buildings Database, Northern Ireland Department of Communities. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  50. ^ a b "Belfast City Hall". Causeway Coastal Path. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  51. ^ "Edward James Harland statue". Titanic Memorials. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  52. ^ Historic England. "Gladstone Monument (1073469)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
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  54. ^ "William and Catherine Gladstone". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  55. ^ "Sir Thomas Brock: Sir John Everett Millais 1904". Tate. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  56. ^ Historic England. "Statue of John Everett Millais (1222797)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
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  58. ^ Meera Iyer (4 February 2013). "Empress of all she surveys". No. Bangalore. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
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  62. ^ Bathoe Rainsford, Bathoe (12 April 1960). "Nicholson Hero of Delhi". Belfast Telegraph. p. 10.
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  64. ^ "Portrait bust Edward VII". British Museum. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
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  69. ^ a b "Sculpture by Thomas Brock on Admiralty Arch". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  70. ^ "Gunnery". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  71. ^ "The Mall, London". The Captain Cook Society. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
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  73. ^ Wencer, David (6 December 2014). "Historicist: Here Comes the Equestrian Statue". Torontoist. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  74. ^ "Royalty and Australian Society Chapter 2: King Edward VII". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
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  76. ^ "HM The Queen Empress Victoria (1819–1901)". Museums of India, National Portal & Digital Repository. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  77. ^ Harris, Oliver D. (2018). "A crusading 'captain in khaki': Sir Thomas Brock's monument to Charles Grant Seely at Gatcombe (Isle of Wight)". Church Monuments. 33: 97–120.
  78. ^ "War Memorials Register: Captain CG Seely". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  79. ^ Historic England. "Lister Monument in Centre of Road opposite Numbers 71 to 81 (odd) Portland Place (1265542)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  80. ^ "War Memorials Register: Sacrifice - Queens University". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  81. ^ Carol Blackett-Ord. "Extended catalogue entry, Joseph Lister, Baron Lister". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  82. ^ "Robert Raikes Statue Achievements". Gloucester Civic Trust. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  83. ^ "A Moment of Peril, 1880, Sir Thomas Brock". Tate. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  84. ^ Diane Bilbey with Marjorie Trusted (2002). British Sculpture 1470 to 2000 A Concise Catalogue of the Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum. V&A Publications. ISBN 1851773959.
  85. ^ "Statue of Queen Victoria | Yale Center For British Art". interactive.britishart.yale.edu. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  86. ^ "Plarr's Lives of the Fellows: Lee, Henry (1817 - 1898)". www.rcseng.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 May 2021.

Further reading

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Preceded by Coins of the pound sterling
Obverse sculptor
1892 		Succeeded by
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